1、职称英语理工类 C级-63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The depiction of the lives of black people in the south is graphic .（分数：1.00）A.optimisticB.humorousC.somberD.vivid2.In fine days, you“d better open windows to ventilate the room.（分数：1.00）A.sweepB.airC.cleanD.wash3.During his lif
2、e he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.spendC.exchangeD.collect4.George Washington Carver was esteemed for his contributions in the fields of botany and chemistry.（分数：1.00）A.compensatedB.respectedC.criticizedD.overlooked5.Eleanor Roosevelt urged legislation to assist the poo
3、r and oppressed.（分数：1.00）A.adjustB.helpC.employD.encourage6.Grounded whales often struggle fruitlessly to reenter deep water.（分数：1.00）A.violentlyB.desperatelyC.vainlyD.greatly7.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct .（分数：1.00）A.behaviorB.styleC.mode
4、D.attitude8.More than 89 percent of the buildings in Annapolis, Maryland, were erected before the Revolutionary War.（分数：1.00）A.plannedB.constructedC.enlargedD.leveled9.Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.（分数：1.00）A.arguedB.pretendedC.hypo
5、thesizedD.determined10.I was impressed by the way he formulated his ideas.（分数：1.00）A.arguedB.statedC.announcedD.invented11.These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely12.Nitrogen is the most plentiful gas in the atmosphere .（分数：1.00）A.water
6、B.bodyC.airD.earth13.From my standpoint , you know, this thing is just funny.（分数：1.00）A.positionB.point of viewC.knowledgeD.opinion14.It doesn“t stand to reason that he would lie.（分数：1.00）A.seem logicalB.look pleasantC.appear obviousD.sound important15.Strict sanitary procedures help to forestall ou
7、t-breaks of disease.（分数：1.00）A.preventB.minimizeC.previewD.control二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Artificial SpeechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that
8、 will act as our window into the world. It will have to be small enough to slip into our pocket, so there will be a screen but no keyboard: you will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the Internet and will keep relevant information up to you as it comes in. Such devices w
9、ill evolve naturally in the next five to ten years. Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based Internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon y
10、ou will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population. Changes like this will encompass (围绕，包围) the whole world. Because English is the language of
11、 science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided (假如，若是) there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work. Of course, in any language there are still huge problems for us t
12、o solve. Carefully dictated, clear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 45 percent error rate, but even the most advanced technology still records 3040 percent errors with spontaneous speech. Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversation, but for
13、 a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviors is probably 50 years off. We are not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet. In the past, insufficient speed and memory have held us back, but these days they are less of an issue. However,
14、there are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental (不断增长的) developments in performance are more likely. But it is true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel (并
15、行的) if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will replace the methods we are developing now.（分数：7.00）(1).In the future, people will talk to a computer instead of typing and clicking.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention
16、ed(2).In the future, computers will be as small as match boxes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Besides English, French is another frequently used language of science.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Within ten years, computers can make conversations which take human social behavio
17、rs into account.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Computers can understand clear and carefully dictated speech more accurately than spontaneous speech.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Insufficient memory of the computer is still a problem.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Ac
18、cording to the writer, current technique has no room for improvement.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds
19、to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 2 The great advances made in transport during the last t
20、wo hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the glo
21、be. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food coul
22、d be brought from a distance. 3 Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods wh
23、ich at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 4 By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trad
24、e in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can
25、 profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 5 Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, an
26、d changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Transport improves people“s living standard B. Importance of transport in trade C. Various means of transport D. Birth of transportrelated indus
27、tries and trade E. Role of information in trade F. Public transportation（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).The development of modern means of transport 1. A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has grea
28、tly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. trarsport also prevents waste（分数：1.00）(6).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the“ world quickly 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want 1.（分数：1.00
29、）(8).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)DennyHis nickname is Denny“. He weighs 400 pounds; he is fearless and he never goes to sleep on the job. An ideal security guard? For many situa
30、tions he may be. And if he“s so good that you wish you had a dozen like him, just place your order. Denny is a robot guard. Denny can detect, within a 150-thor radius, the presence of anything or anybody that shouldn“t be there. Its swiveling (旋转) head contains microwave and infrared sensors that ca
31、n detect people as well as smoke. In future editions the head will also contain sensors that can smell the weak smell of a human body. A high-resolution TV camera in Denny“s head is on at all time. When something unexpected comes into view, the TV transmitter switches on. Thus the human overseer (看管
32、人) in the control center sees the sudden appearance of a picture on the monitor screen. At the same time the picture is automatically videotaped. Normal speed of the robot guards is about one mile an hour, and they can even talk: “you have been detected,“ warns the voice from the clever guard. Denny
33、 is designed to patrol corridors and other areas after lock-down hours (of course, he can work round the clock when necessary), not to move among people. If, say, a prisoner does get near the corridor where he should not be, it“ll immediately tell its base station by radio. Denny has understandable
34、limitations. He can“t open doors or watch stairs, for example, or distinguish a friend from an enemy. Thus he will have to go about unarmed. And he won“t be able to replace human security guards where people move about freely.（分数：15.00）(1).Denny is a robot guard, who _.（分数：3.00）A.has mechanical anus
35、 and legsB.has microwave and infrared sensorsC.has a built-in computerD.depends on his built-in radio for distinguishing a friend from an enemy(2).Which of the following pieces of equipment is NOT mentioned as part of the robot according to the passages?（分数：3.00）A.The TV camera.B.The radio transmitt
36、er.C.The infrared sensor.D.The video tape-recorder.(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.00）A.Only strong smell can be detected by Denny.B.Denny is able to replace human security guards where people move about freely.C.A high-resolution TV camera in Denny“s head is on and off automatic
37、ally.D.Denny cannot open doors or watch stairs.(4).Why does Denny have to go unarmed?（分数：3.00）A.He cannot tell an enemy from a friend.B.The price would be very high if it were armed.C.He does not know how to use a weapon.D.It is unlikely that he will be attacked by a human enemy.(5).After reading th
38、is passages you probably have got the impression that _.（分数：3.00）A.Denny moves quite fastB.Denny moves both in corridors and up and down stairsC.Denny“s voice warns at regular intervals while patrollingD.Denny moves quite slowly六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The CarCars are an important part of life in the Un
39、ited States. Without a car most people feel that they are poor. And even if a person is poor he doesn“t feel really poor when he has a car. Henry Ford was the man who first started making cars in large numbers. He probably didn“t know how much the car was going to affect American culture. The car ma
40、de the United States a nation on wheels. And it helped make the United States what it is today. There are three main reasons why the ear becomes so popular in the United States. First of all, the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The car provides the most comfortable and
41、 cheapest form of transportation. With a car people can go anyplace without spending a lot of money. The second reason why cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as co
42、mmon in the country as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air-service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently. The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Ame
43、ricans don“t like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don“t like to have to follow an exact schedule. A car gives them the freedom to schedule their own time. And this is the freedom that Americans want most to have. The gas shortage has caused a big problem for Americans. But the an
44、swer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.（分数：15.00）(1).Most Americans feel they are poor when they _.（分数：3.00）A.have no jobB.have no foodC.have no moneyD.have no car(2).Henry Ford was the first t
45、o _ cars in large numbers.（分数：3.00）A.inventB.sellC.haveD.produce(3).“A nation on wheels“ means that _.（分数：3.00）A.the country is producing the best cars in the worldB.everyone in this country owns a carC.cars play a very important role in people“s livesD.there are more cars than trains in this countr
46、y(4).With a car people can go _ easily.（分数：3.00）A.anywhereB.to anyplaceC.to anywhereD.any place(5).The real solution to the gas shortage problem is _.（分数：3.00）A.to make less carsB.to develop a public transportation systemC.to make gas-saving carsD.to develop train service七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Superco
47、nductor Ceramic (陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit
48、“s example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resista
49、nce is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don“t. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isn“t easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they
