1、职称英语理工类 C 级-60 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Anyone who does not have a free ticket must pay the fee for going in .（分数：1.00）A.attendingB.admittingC.admissionD.attention2.I feel regret about what“s happened.（分数：1.00）A.sorryB.disappointedC.shamefulD.disheartened3.Jack is a
2、 diligent worker.（分数：1.00）A.ambitiousB.lazyC.hardworkingD.clever4.The little girl grasped her mother“s arm as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understandB.had a hold overC.took hold ofD.left hold of5.I haven“t achieved very much today.（分数：1.00）A.acquireB.requireC.accompanyD.accomplish6.Traffic is b
3、ad, particularly in the city center.（分数：1.00）A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably7.Guests were scared when the bomb explored.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued8.The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.（分数：1.00）A.reasonableB.sensibleC.crazyD.unbe
4、lievable9.The story was touching .（分数：1.00）A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.frightening10.Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people.（分数：1.00）A.demandB.elicitC.extractD.defy11.I have been trying to quit smoking.（分数：1.00）A.pick upB.give upC.build upD.take up12.Hundreds of years ago clov
5、es were used to remedy headaches.（分数：1.00）A.disruptB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.cure13.His speech was a powerful spur to action.（分数：1.00）A.encouragementB.dangerC.endorsementD.surprise14.The child“s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.（分数：1.00）A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.unusual15.Smoking is not permitt
6、ed in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probableB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereo
7、type of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing gl
8、asses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded
9、scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put o
10、ff studying science because they don“t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don“t relate to the media“s image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young pe
11、ople to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children“s interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of pe
12、ople from secondary school are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions, of which the most popular are the National Science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country ever
13、y year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part in but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design
14、.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of th
15、e mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The image of the mad scie
16、ntist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The History of the Fridge1 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so si
17、nce the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“2 In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would
18、 last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively litt
19、le to the art of food preservation. A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.4 What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around th
20、e globe in search of a good price.5 Consequently, most of the world“s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously
21、 and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housewhile outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.6 The fridge“s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant
22、. If you don“t believe me, try it yourself. Invest in a food cabinet (橱柜) and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers but at least you“ll get rid of that terrible hum.1. Paragraph 2 1A. The Invention of the FridgeB. The Pollution Caused by FridgesC. The Widespread Need for Frid
23、gesD. The Days Without the FridgeE. The Waste of Energy Caused by FridgesF. The Fridge“s Contribution to CommerceD解析 第二段主要讲的是在 20 世纪 50 年代没有冰箱时作者的童年生涯，那时虽然没有冰箱，但零售商、肉贩、面包师、送冰人等都会送货上门，一周会去两三次，所以人们既能吃上新鲜的食物，也不会浪费。2. Paragraph 4 2F解析 第四段主要讲的是冰箱促进了市场营销，即冰箱对商业的贡献。3. Paragraph 5 3E解析 第五段第一句表明，世界上大多数冰箱并不在有
24、其用武之地的热带，而是在几乎不需要它的温带；第五段第二句又表明，冰箱不仅带来了噪音污染，而且没有多大用处。综合起来，这两句同时表明冰箱是对能源的一种浪费。4. Paragraph 6 4B解析 第六段最后一句提到冰箱会发出“hum”(嗡嗡声)，这是一种噪音污染。本段主要讲的就是冰箱所带来的噪音污染。5. Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because 5.A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were deliveredB. it ha
25、s promoted the sales of many kinds of commoditiesC. a new, economical way to preserve foodD. most kids like iced soft drinksE. something every housewife needsF. produced by the fridge when it is workingA解析 第二段表明，在没有冰箱的年月中，牛奶、肉类、蔬菜等都有专门的商贩派送，所以人们依然能得到新鲜的食物。6. The invention of the fridge has not provi
26、ded 6.C解析 第三段第一句提到，冰箱的发明对食物保鲜的贡献比较小，它保存食物的方法并不新颖、经济，故选 C。7. An important contribution made by the invention of the fridge is that 7.B解析 由第四段可知，冰箱对市场营销有促进作用，也就是说，冰箱促进了各种商品的销售。8. If you stop using the fridge, at least you won“t be troubled by the noise 8.F解析 第六段最后一句提到，关掉冰箱后，它工作时发出的嗡嗡的噪音也就消失了，故选 F。Para
27、graph 2 1 A. The Invention of the Fridge B. The Pollution Caused by Fridges C. The Widespread Need for Fridges D. The Days Without the Fridge E. The Waste of Energy Caused by Fridges F. The Fridge“s Contribution to Commerce（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理
28、解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. Th
29、e Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges (发汗帐篷). The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire
30、that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “
31、savusauna“, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor (气味) or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find t
32、hat the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation (炎症). Asthma (哮喘) patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body“s core temperat
33、ure usually rises 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever“. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood
34、 flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs (磅) of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores (毛孔) and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water Weight is temporary as the body“s physiological mechanisms will quickly rest
35、ore proper volumes. The cardiovascular (心血管的) system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those wi
36、th heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor“s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out shou
37、ld take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.（分数：15.00）(1).Ceremonial bathing _.（分数：3.00）A.is called the sauna by FinnsB.is equivalent to the steam bathC.has various formsD.is held in an enclosed room(2).What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?（
38、分数：3.00）A.Saunas in underground caves.B.Saunas with smoke.C.Saunas using wood burning stoves.D.Saunas using electric stoves.(3).According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.reducing the chance of getting coldB.speeding recoveryC.relieving stressD.curing as
39、thma(4).According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because _.（分数：3.00）A.pores are cleaned by sweatB.water is lost by sweatingC.blood moves to the surface for heat exchangeD.the heart pumps harder and faster(5).Who are advised not to take a sauna?（分数：3.00）A.Elderly people.
40、B.Pregnant women.C.People with heart trouble.D.All of the above.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Weight on and off the EarthWe are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. Because we can feel that things
41、are heavy, we think of “weight“ as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound. Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface o
42、f the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space? The reason is this: all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects; this is called gravitational attraction. But this power of attraction between two objects gets weaker as they get farther apart. When the butter was at the surface
43、 of the earth, it was 4,000 miles from the center. When we took the butter 4,000 miles out, it was 8,000 miles from the center, which is twice the distance. If you double the distance between two objects, their gravitational attraction decreases two times two. If you treble the distance, it gets nin
44、e times weaker (three times three) and so on. So this is one of the first things we need to remember that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth. What about the weight of our pound of butter on the surface of the moon? At the distance the pull of t
45、he earth is about 4,000 times smaller than it is here on the surface, so we can forget all about the earth-pull on our butter. On the other hand, on the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon, but the butter will weigh only about one-sixth as much as it does on the earth. T
46、his is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. A packet of butter has a gravitational pull of its own; but this is very small in relation to the pull of something as large as the moon, or the e
47、arth, or the sun.（分数：15.00）(1).How much would four pounds of tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of the earth?（分数：3.00）A.1 pound.B.2 pounds.C.3 pounds.D.4 pounds.(2).We find it hard to break free from ideas connected with living on the earth because _.（分数：3.00）A.it demands too
48、 great an effort for us to do soB.we are too familiar with the way things are to question the ideasC.we have proved that those ideas are correctD.we are so sure of ourselves that we never doubt anything on the earth(3).According to the passage, “weight“ should be understood in the sense that _.（分数：3
49、.00）A.it is fixed if it is outside the earth“s gravitational pullB.it decreases four times when it is 4,000 miles from the earth“s centerC.it varies with the change of the gravitational attraction between two objectsD.things increase in amount as they are closer to the earth“s surface(4).We do not feel the gravitational pull of a packet of butter because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is too small to have a gravitational pull
