1、职称英语理工类 C级-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.（分数：1.00）A.jumpsB.risesC.fallsD.changes2.Did you do that to irritate her?（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect3.Mary looked pale and weary .（分数：1.00）A.illB.tiredC.w
2、orriedD.peaceful4.The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水).（分数：1.00）A.pollutedB.downgradedC.mixedD.blackened5.Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive .（分数：1.00）A.very boringB.very thoroughC.very interestingD.very touching6.Alice is a fascinating girl.（分数：1.00）A.bea
3、utifulB.prettyC.attractiveD.pleasant7.Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents.（分数：1.00）A.displayedB.shownC.provedD.assessed8.The old lady let her flat to an English couple.（分数：1.00）A.offeredB.rentedC.providedD.sold9.She stood there, crying and trembling with fear.（分数：
4、1.00）A.shakingB.staggeringC.strugglingD.murmuring10.They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.（分数：1.00）A.ranB.rolledC.walkedD.raced11.The conclusion can be deduced from the premises.（分数：1.00）A.arguedB.derivedC.permittedD.come12.I can no longer tolerate his actions.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.accep
5、tC.takeD.suffer from13.Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：1.00）A.askB.persuadeC.assignD.order14.Sally likes to tease her brother about his girl friends.（分数：1.00）A.laugh atB.charmC.criticizeD.respect15.I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular nee
6、ds.（分数：1.00）A.supplyB.reachC.provideD.meet二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth literally. This year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by sudden
7、high tide several times. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like o
8、il and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth“s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, the scientists say, many countries will s
9、uffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fatethey would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone“s loss. Coral formations
10、 are home to more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don“t have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no con
11、trol over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.（分数：7.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden
12、high tide.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientis
13、ts are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substanti
14、al about the problem of global warming.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Women“s Rights Movement1. Women“s rights are guarantees of political
15、, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social eq
16、uality with men remains to be achieved. 2. Male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of men“s rote in hunting and warfare. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. Therefore
17、, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. A woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children. 3. The Age of Enlightenment and the I
18、ndustrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women“s rights movement in the late 18th and the 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women“s rights convention in New York, and the feminists demanded equal rights, in
19、cluding the vote. 4. In the late 1960s women made up about 40 percent of the work force in England, France, Germany, and the United States. This figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1980s. A commission under the President was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. A
20、cts of Congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act, initially intended only for blacks, was extended to women. 5. The objectives of the women“s movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognitio
21、n of lesbian (女性同性恋) rights, making abortion legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women. AGoals BHistory of Women“s Rights Movement CStart of women“s Rights Movement DTraditional Statu
22、s of Women ERights of Women FDevelopment（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Alate 18th century Bequal education and employment with men Cweaker and lower in social position Dearly 20th century Eher children Fthe rights
23、of voting In some religions, women were considered 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Traditionally the law did not allow women to have the control over 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Women“s rights movement started in the 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Acts of Congress gave women the rights of 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.
24、00)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about peoplenot their clothes, ideas, or languages have changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the
25、world during the 1500“s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World, around 1600; the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, whe
26、re it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒)“ of 18451846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South
27、 America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world“s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs du
28、ring the 1400“s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the world“s population now starts the day with.（分数：15.00）
29、(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?（分数：3.00）A.Food.B.Clothing.C.Ideology.D.Language.(2).“Some“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.some cocoa treesB.some chocolate drinksC.some shopsD.some South American Indi
30、ans(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because _.（分数：3.00）A.they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB.they were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC.the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD.
31、the potato harvest was bad(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?（分数：3.00）A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.One-third of the world“s population drinks coffee.B.Coffee is native to Colombia.C.Coffee c
32、an keep one awake.D.Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now, in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds be
33、fore an aircraft hits it. Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast it and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers out of the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airli
34、nes flight over the Pacific to drop 300 meters in a few seconds. However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策) for this sort of thing,“ says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASA“s Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The centr
35、e“s new turbulence detector is based on lidar, laser, or radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The technique depends on the Doppler Effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approa
36、ching. In calm air, the speed equals the plane“s airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打旋) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of change in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence. In a series of tests that began last month, a research je
37、t flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometers ahead, and its forecasts of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered. Bogue says that he had “a
38、comfortable amount of time“ to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidar“s range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial aircraft in the next few years.（分数：15.00）(1).What does “clear-air turbulence“ probably mean? (Paragraph 1)（分数：3.00）A.A
39、not very rough storm.B.Unexpected disturbed air.C.A kind of visible storm.D.A storm over mountain ridges.(2).In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air _.（分数：3.00）A.causing a lot of damage to the planeB.throwing its passengers out of the cabinC.resulting in heavy casualtiesD
40、.forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing(3).The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuring _.（分数：3.00）A.the speed of the planeB.the speed of the lightC.the number of particles in the airD.the changes of the particles“ speed(4).We can infer from the fifth paragrap
41、h that _.（分数：3.00）A.the lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulenceB.researchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detectorC.passenger planes will be used in further experimentsD.no more test flights are needed(5).The last paragraph tells us, among other things, that _.（分数：3.
42、00）A.the lidar detector needs improvementB.many airlines are interested in the systemC.passengers often forget to fasten their seatbeltsD.the lidar detector can be used in a wide range of areas七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of
43、rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University“s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to
44、grow in water that has become salty. The pair has recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.
45、It is estimated that each year more than 10M hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have bee
46、n cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents
47、them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants“
48、growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriat
49、e genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?（分数：3.00）A.They are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice breeders.C.They are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programme _.（分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollutionB.to identify genes that promo
