1、职称英语理工类 C 级-55 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项 lilist-sty(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You look Usmart/U in the new suit. A.clever B.handsome C.loyal D.brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He hasnt the funds to Ucarry out/U his design. A.make B.keep C.change D.implement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I was Uastonished/U at the
2、 news of his escape. A.amused B.amounted C.amazed D.approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Its almost 5 oclock, time to Uquit/U. A.increase B.stop C.continue D.keep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Do you Ufollow/U what I am saying? A.change B.investigate C.write D.understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The boys Ubroke/U into excited
3、 cheering. A.burst B.blasted C.burned D.blazed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.China does Ua lot of/U trade with many countries. A.a great deal of B.a great many of C. a large number of D. a great level of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.An old friend Ucalled on/U me the day before yesterday. A.telephoned B.rang C.visited D.sa
4、w（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We are going to have the TV Ufixed/U. A.prepared B.mended C.cleaned D.arranged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I am heartily Ugrateful/U to your help. A.helpful B.hateful C.delightful D.thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.She Ueventually/U married the most persistent one of her admirers. A.in a way B
5、.in due course C.in the end D.in any case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Five minutes left, the Uoutcome/U of the match was still in doubt. A.result B.judgment C.decision D.event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The reporter was accused of unprofessional Uconduct/U. A.movement B.words C.principle D.behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1
6、4.He made a Uconsiderable/U sum of money in real estate. A.large B.positive C.powerful D.realistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.A crowd Ugathered/U to see what had happened. A.collected B.fixed C.divided D.assist（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Sonic DeviceThe other day, Dr. Robert Smith, who is b
7、lind, took a remarkable stroll through the campus of the University of California at Santa Barbara. As Dr. Smith walked along the campus, places and impediments (障碍物) in his path seemed to call out their names to him, “library here, library here“, “bench here, bench here“.Dr. Smith was testing a pro
8、totype (样机) navigation system for the blind that announced the surrounding objects through stereo headphones that were mounted to a computer in his back-pack (背包), creating virtual reality landscape (仿真景象). The information came not from some miniature radar but from the signals broadcast by the mili
9、tarys network of global positioning satellites (全球定位卫星). One day, its developers hope, miniaturized (小型化的) versions of this navigation device, which now weighs 28 pounds, will help the blind navigate unfamiliar neighborhoods.“With this system you do not need to know a thing in advance about where yo
10、u are going,“ said Dr. Roberta Klatzky, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University who is working with Dr. Smith to develop the navigating device. Dr. Michael Oberdor of the National Eye Institute said, “A blind person could walk down the street and know not just that he was at 80th and Broadway,
11、but what stores are around, and that Zabars delicatessen (熟食店) was up ahead. This navigation system tells you not just where there are obstacles, but your overall location geographically.“ It lets blind users construct a mental map of new surroundings and learn their way around.The navigation system
12、 uses signals from a computerized map to create a “virtual acoustic display (仿真声音显示)“. This is a talking map in which large objects seem to announce themselves in the headphones with the precise timing and loudness that would be the case if the objects were actually making a sound. This allows the b
13、lind person to sense immediately his or her distance or direction, and use that information for guidance. While no one knows whether it is because blind people tend to develop a sharper sense of hearing. Those who have tried the system say that they quickly adapt to locating an object through the so
14、unds. “One of the crucial features of this system is that it takes advantage of sensory psychophysics (感官心理物理学)how the brain interprets signals from outside to make a map of your surroundings so you can navigate,“ Dr. Oberdor said.（分数：7.00）(1).Thanks to the help of this sonic device, blind people ca
15、n hear obstacles in the way speaking out their names. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Dr. Smith hopes to make this device smaller so as to help the blind navigate unfamiliar places. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Although this device will be useful, most of t
16、he blind may not afford it. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Dr. Oberdor, this device can lead the blind people to the exact place he or she wants to go. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The blind can hear better than ordinary people. A.Right B.Wron
17、g C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Scientists intend to reduce the weight of this device to ten pound. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Sensory psychophysics play a vital part in the invention of this device. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题
18、数：1，分数：8.00)Intelligence: a Changed View1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity (存在，实体), some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed mark
19、edly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming (分组) children according to ability at an earl
20、y age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate (内在的) intelligence can ever be measured and
21、 on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows a great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deter
22、iorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence (习得智利). Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating t
23、he environment is. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction (相互作用) of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researchers have been investigating what happens in this interacti
24、on.4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greatest part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, the most
25、 important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between “privileged“ and “disadvantaged“ children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation (激发，促进) and the poverty of
26、 their perceptual experiences.5. These research findings have led to a revision m our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skil
27、ls have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unst
28、reamed classes, fewer children will be given the label “low IQ“ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.AEffect of En
29、vironment on IntelligenceBDifference Between Genetic Intelligence and Observed IntelligenceCMain Results of Recent ResearchesDEnvironment and AchievementEImpact on School EducationFA Changed View of Intelligence（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragrap
30、h 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Ateach children to be intelligent Bwhatever stimulation has been received from the environment Cand because of the lack of communication with his classmates Da predictor of childrens future learning Etaught to be more intelligent Flanguage
31、and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship Intelligence was once believed to be a fixed entity, valued as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).We can measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The most important factors in the environment are _.（分数：1.
32、00）填空项 1:_(8).We can _ in the same way that we can teach them reading.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help so
33、lve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen (氢) and oxygen. Atoms (原子) of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they w
34、eigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes (同位素). And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks (古怪举动；怪癖)? Thats what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental sci
35、entist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists (发型师) in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even tho
36、ugh people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly (压倒性的) reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. Thats probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. Whats more, most of the other liquids pe
37、ople drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the compositi
38、on of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringers study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique cant point to exactly where a person is from, because similar
39、types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues (线索).（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT correct about tap water of writers view point? A.T
40、ap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions. B.Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States. C.Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. D.Tap water is used to cook food.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).James R. Ehleringer t
41、ried to find out _. A.if our bodies break water down into its parts B.if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country C.if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3)
42、.Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? A.Ehleringer was successful in his research. B.Ehleringer failed in his research. C.Ehleringer can be a successful detective. D.Ehleringers research proved successful in China.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the last paragraph tell you? A.The
43、 new technique can tell precisely where a person lives. B.Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source. C.Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police. D.Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).W
44、hich of the following is closest in meaning to the title? A.Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes. B.Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes. C.Detectives watch hairy criminals closely. D.Most detectives are hair specialists.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pushbike PerilLow
45、 speed bicycle crashes can badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars (车把) so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the pro
46、ject with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal (腹部的) injuries in children in the past 30 years which showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures (对策),“ she says.By interviewing
47、the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct (重建；重构) many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain thei
48、r balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees, but their momentum (冲力) forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip (握柄) fitted with a spring and damping (制动的；减速的，缓冲的) system. The sprin
