1、职称英语理工类 C 级-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Although research has shown that asparagus does contain many important nutrients, it is not, as it was once regarded, a panacea.A. an anomaly B. a delicacy C. a life-form D. a cure-all（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In the book Autobiograp
2、hy of Values, the aviation hero Charles Lindbergh reveals his paradoxical and often sobering thoughts on life.A. contradictory B. poignant C. mystic D. paramount（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingways life and the lives of his characters.A. studies B. problems C. simila
3、rities D. biases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The Moon and most artificial satellites travel around the Earth in elliptical paths.A. waves B. orbits C. voyages D. flights（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.By 1929, two years after the start of the “talkies“, motion picture theaters in the United States were attracting 100 mill
4、ion patrons every week.A. owners B. actors C. customers D. critics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.California, the first city on the American continent, reached its peak of development and power about AD 1100.A. summit B. tip C. height D. apex（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.According to some biologists, the instinct to care f
5、or the young is perhaps the most interesting characteristic of animals.A. actually B. surprisingly C. seldom D. possibly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The anhinga is a black water bird that frequents the perimeters of the everglades.A. waters B. swamps C. forests D. edges（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Through her portrayal
6、 of eight college-educated women in the book, The Group, author Mary McCarthy criticizes an entire period.A. age B. nationC. social class D. system of education（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.A seed planted in the sensitive lining of an oyster begins a perpetual coating process that forms a pearl.A. total B. an
7、nual C. continual D. habitual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Throughout most of their lives, human beings perpetually learn and increase their mental capacities.A. actually B. readily C. finally D. constantly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The history of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales of perseverance and
8、 suffering.A. endurance B. skill C. generosity D. disturbance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The American antelope possesses remarkable powers of sight and can pinpoint potential danger at tremendous distances.A. spot B. relay C. attach D. sustain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Julia Margaret Cameron was among the pioneers
9、 in a new kind of portrait photography the close-up.A. originators of B. champions inC. experts in D. publishers of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The French and Indian War of 1756-1763 pitted Britain, her American colonists, and her Indian allies against France, her Canadian colonists, and her Indian allies.A.
10、 armed B. pivoted C. set D. took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Too Polite for WordsA Japanese colleague the other day was talking about a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word “jerk“. I thought she was toning down her Japanese for my benefit, so I asked
11、her how to say “jerk“ in Japanese.“Theres no such word, “she answered helplessly. “We have to use jerk“. Heaven knows its not as if there are no jerks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people. At first, I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to tea
12、ch me the real lingo, so I watched to see what Japanese drivers would say to each other after a car accident. It turned out that they say: “Im sorry. “ Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited to invective as Japanese. Linguistically, these guys are wimps.Take the
13、vicious Japanese insult “kisama, “which is deeply offensive. It means: “your honorable self. “Thats right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words, the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growling.“Your honorable self. “Likewise, a nasty expression for a woman is “ama, another term not to t
14、ry with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But literally it means “nun“. Sure, sarcasm may be intended, hut still most women would probably prefer to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog.Since people are least inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other, insults offer a
15、window into a culture. Ive been interested in such terms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was a curse. “Nick“ sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely vulgar verb for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic, and my new acquaintan
16、ce would flee in horror.Theres no such danger in Japanese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are descriptive rather than insulting.There is one exception. One of the meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is: “Omaeno kaachan debeso
17、. “That means. “Your moms belly button sticks out. “This has no deep Freudian meaning; it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly.（分数：7.00）(1).The Japanese woman used the English word “jerk“ so as to make it easier for me to understand her.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).
18、The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their language is not suitable for sniping at people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).From the linguistic perspective, Japanese drivers are cowards.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The Japanese i
19、nsult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally, “a female dog“.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The word “Nick“ in the Arabic langua
20、ge is a curse.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).“Omaeno kaachan debeso“ is different from other nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8
21、.00)A. Airport servicesB. Training of pilotsC. Beginning periodD. Rapid growth in the U. S.E. DevelopmentF. Competition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. in the development of air transportat
22、ionB. the earliest passenger flights were successfully operatedC. to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengersD. to provide different servicesE. the shortage of qualified pilotsF. travelling by air was very cheap（分数：4.00）(1).Air transport companies use different planes _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).T
23、he United States was the country where _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Making Light of SleepAll we have a
24、 clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. T
25、he clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you its time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up
26、even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud w
27、hen they dont get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using
28、 the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we
29、use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether its day or night.（分数：15.00）(1).The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because _.A. it has a cycle
30、 of 24 hoursB. it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleepC. it can alarm any time during 24 hoursD. it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is implied in the second paragraph?A. Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.B.
31、People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C. Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.D. Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the third para
32、graph the author wants to tell the reader that _.A. it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morningB. staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learnC. it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up lateD. during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of
33、gray cloud（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A. light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.B. Our biological clock resets itself automatically.C. Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.D. Ou
34、r internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?A. The human eye had two light-sensing systems.B. The human eye could sense the light of
35、 day more quickly than the dark of night.C. The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.D. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The SeaWhat do you know about the sea? We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is s
36、hining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it?The first thingto remember is that the sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three quarters of the worl
37、d.The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometres deep! The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometres hig
38、h. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometres of water above it! What a deep place!If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are
39、more salty than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are als
40、o millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.The sea can be very cold. Divers, who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea be
41、comes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship! They went down to the
42、 deepest part of the sea in it. They went down to a depth of eleven kilometres!（分数：15.00）(1).When does the sea look beautiful?A. When it is calm.B. When the weather is fine.C. When there is a strong wind.D. When there is a storm.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How much of the earths surface does land cover?A 1
43、5%. B 25%. C 30%. D 45%.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the author cite the sea somewhere near Japan?A. To show that the sea in some places is very deep.B. To show that the sea in some places is very shallow.C. To show that its depth is 9 kilometres greater than the height of the highest mountain.D. T
44、o show that its depth is 11 kilometres greater than the height of the highest mountain.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements about the Dead Sea is NOT true?A. There are plenty of fishes in it.B. It is a safe place for swimmers.C. It is extremely salty.D. No fish can be found in it.（
45、分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why cant people go very deep in the sea?A. Because the deepest part of the sea is very cold.B. Because the deepest part of the sea is very rough.C. Because the pressure of water at great depths is unendurable.D. Because fierce fish usually live there.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，
46、分数：15.00)Egypt felled by FamineEven ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the sout
47、h was ultimately to blame-and the same or worse could happen today.The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have been diminished these floods.Dwindling rains in the E
48、thiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile.The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analy
49、zing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4500 to 4200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egy
