1、职称英语理工类 C级-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles epidermal plates reflect seasonal variations in growth.A. indicate B. stimulate C. include D. prevent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.A.
2、 solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A. slow B. noisy C. sudden D. jumpy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A. play B. showC. send D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Theyd
3、 paid a substantial bribe to the surgeon in Rio.A. meager B. sternC. subtle D. steep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages.A. crudely B. rarely C. originally D. symbolically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He was said to have been removed from the position of manager for a re
4、cent conflict with an important customer.A. dismissed B. released C. picked D. exposed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A. making B. takingC. discussing D. expecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Id very much like to know what your aim in life is；Athought Bidea Cgoal Dp
5、lan（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Parents who lack the finance to send their children to a private school have to tolerate the state system.A. put up with B. stand withC. stand up to D. put themselves to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.There is a trend towards equal opportunities for men and women. Atide Btendency Ctarget
6、Dtrail（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.This sort of thing is bound to happen.A. sure B. quickC. fast D. swift（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the teacher.A. realized B. took C. followed D. kept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It is normal for a teacher to get angry with the student who
7、 repeats the same mistake.A. useless B. rare C. senseless D. usual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.They often compelled us to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.A. made B. compromise C. smashed D. commanded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Magaplane (巨型飞机)The Boeing Corp. and Europes Airbus consortium
8、 (财团) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the worlds airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broken down, Boeing is pushing a stretched (拓展的) version of 747, and Airbus is designing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3XX.Seating 550 passengers in the basic model, and 650 in a stretch
9、ed version, the 1.2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world, but it will also be one of the most advanced. The outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer (as big as a smaller jets wing) will be made of carbon-fiber composite materials, and will be the largest such struct
10、ures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber (隐形轰炸机). Metal skins will be welded (焊接) together with lasers, removing thousands of fasteners.When a strong wind strikes the A3XXs 260-foot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing (扭曲) like a giant spring. This will make the rid
11、e smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars (翼梁). A flexible-skinned flap (副翼) will subtly change the wings curvature (曲面) to match the airplanes changing weight as it burns fuel on each journey.The A3XX will carry up to 1,600 meals, filling more than 100 food and beverage
12、 (饮料) carts. To make more room for passengers, Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold; automatic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decks. Airlines have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging from lower-deck sleeper cabins to a childrens playroom.（分数：7.00
13、）(1).Airbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998, and cleliver the first aircraft in 2003.1. The basic model of A3XX can carry more than 500 passengers.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).A3XX will fly faster while consuming less oil.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.
14、00）A.B.C.(3).A3XX will be bigger than the B-2 stealth bomber.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).No fasteners will be used in building A3XX because all components will be welded together.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The wing of A3XX will not be spoiled when i
15、t is stricken by a strong wind because its surface are designed to be movable.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Airbus plans to build a mini-restaurant in the lower hold of A3XX.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).The first A3XX will be available in 2003.A. Right
16、B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A Main Results of Recent ResearchesB Popular Doubt about the New ViewC Effect of Environment on IntelligenceD Intelligence and AchievementE Impact on School EducationF A Changed View of Intelligence（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1
17、.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. milk, meat, vegetables, etc. were deliveredB. it has promoted the sales of many kinds of commoditiesC. foods can be preservedD. most kids like iced soft drinksE. every housewife needs foodF.
18、 the fridge produced when it is working（分数：4.00）(1).Before fridges came into use, it was still possible for people to have fresh foods because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The invention of the fridge has not provided a new, economical way in which _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).An important contribution made by the
19、 invention of the fridge is that _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If you stop using the fridge, at least you wont be troubled by the noise _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pushbike DangerLow speed bicycle crashes can badly injure - or even kill - children if they fall onto the
20、ends of the handlebars (车把). So a team of engineers is redesigning it to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues. The cases they reviewed about serious abdominal (腹部的) injuries in children in the pa
21、st 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents, “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,“ she says.By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and id
22、entified a common cause for serious injuries. They discovered that most cases occur when children hit an obstacle at slow speed, causing them to topple (摇摆) over. To maintain their balance the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees - but their momentum (冲力) forces them into the end of the h
23、andlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, pushing it into their abdomen (腹部).The solution the group came up with is a handgrip (握柄) fitted with a spring and damping (减速) system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted (传递) through
24、 the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast.（分数：15.00）(1).The engineers are trying
25、 to improve the handlebars becauseA. they are not beautiful.B. they may kill children.C. they are likely to crash.D. they affect the speed of the bike.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents?A. Thirty.B. Ninety.C. 50 percent.D. More than a third.
26、（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “countermeasures“ in paragraph 2 meansA. “problems“B. “approaches“.C. “solutions“.D. “actions“.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 3 mainly discussesA. why the children and their parents were interviewed,B. how serious abdominal injuries occur,C. when the children turn the h
27、andlebars.D. what stops bicycle accidents.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The advantage of the new handgrip is thatA. it can be made cheaply.B. it reduces the impact in bicycle accidents.C. it helps to slow down the speed of the bicycle.D. it sells well at bicycle shops.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Th
28、e Book of LifeSo far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species (特种), and thats just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other creatures covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind
29、 of bird is flying by.A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Life (EoL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.To get the encyclopedia start
30、ed, the creators will use information from scientific databases (数据库) that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized (专门的) knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds theyve seen and where. The tec
31、hnology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pa ges for kids who are studying ecosystems (生态系统) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will revi
32、ew much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that havent been reviewed.Another convenient feature of the EoL is that youll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests, age, and current knowledge. If you wanted to
33、learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the “novice “ setting to get basic information about the animals. On the “expert“ setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.It now takes yea
34、rs for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.（分数：15.00）(1).“Spider“ and “bird“ mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrateA. animals are peoples friends.B. there
35、are numerous living species on Earth.C. it is easy to see spiders and birds.D. there are many types of spiders and birds.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The goal of the creation of the EoL is toA. collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth.B. work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living spec
36、ies on Earth.C. enlarge an existing website of the living species on Earth.D. add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).At the starting stage the EoL will get information fromA. all the websites available.B. databases built up by its creators.C
37、. the existing scientific databases.D. non-scientists with specialized knowledge.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “novice“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced byA. beginner.B. scientist.C. creator.D. expert.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Scientists have cataloge
38、d only a small part of the living species on Earth.B. The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.C. Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.D. People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数
39、：1，分数：15.00)A New BookAll day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.Over the past
40、 few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.Gladwells new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talen
41、ted individuals. But in fact, its another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.Gladwells noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities tha
42、n others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.Gladwells book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that peop
43、le are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.Yet, I cant help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They
44、ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes,
45、but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from t
46、he patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.Gladwells social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesnt fully explain the genuine greatness of humanitys talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual
47、greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the author, Gladwells new book Outliers is mainly _.A. about the importance of social arrangements to personal successB. a descriptive study of exceptionally talented individualsC. to discuss why
48、some people have more opportunities than othersD. to explain why Bill Gates is much luckier than others（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be seen from Paragraph 5 that Gladwells book _.A. is beginning to influence Obamas policiesB. has become quite influentialC. has received severe criticismsD. assumes tha
49、t people just pursue maximum profits（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, the most fundamental individual power is _.A. control of attention B. individual willC. a good character D. exceptional creativity（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author believes that individual greatness is more closely related to _.A. social forces and genes B. good luck and educationC.
