1、职称英语理工类 C级-37 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculousA. fieldB. point of viewC. knowledgeD. information（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.We all think the prices of the computers will soon plunge.A. leap B. fallC. dip D. sink（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Her
2、behavior is extremely childish.A. simple B. immature C. beautiful D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Of all the planets in this solar system, Mercury is nearest the Sun.A. most like B. closest toC. hotter than D. heavier than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The restaurant has a good reputation.A. system B. nameC. relat
3、ion D. leadership（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to determine the place for himself.A. spot B. locateC. place D. situate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She was one of the leading writers of her day.A. expected B. natural C. most important D. least（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
4、.8.The company has the right to end his employment at any time Aprovide Bstop Coffer Dcontinue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A. sufficiently B. noticeably C. intentionally D. absolutely（
5、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.Aboiled BpollutedCmixed Dsweetened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.His new movie depiets an ambitious American.A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Jack is a diligent student.A. hardworking B. ambiti
6、ousC. lazy D. slow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.A. large B. totalC. small D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.He was a very cute boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.A. clever B. honest C. brave D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Almost all
7、economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.A. work B. profitC. rely D. prove（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Moral IssuesOne of the virtues in American culture is to help others.Christmas in America means different things to different people. To some people, Christmas
8、means brightly wrapped packages under a decorated tree. To others, it means family reunions and a wonderful meal together. Christmas also means lending a helping hand to people in need. Along with all the hubbub of shopping for presents and sending Christmas cards, many people in America take time t
9、o help others.In America and around the world, Christmas offers many opportunities to spread “Peace on earth, good will toward men“. For example, Salvation Army bell ringers are a familiar sight to most Christmas shoppers. They stand outside malls and stores collecting money for the needy. Many chur
10、ches and other organizations collect toys and clothes as Christmas gifts for poor families. The Christmas spirit encourages people to help each other in many large and small ways.The spirit of helping others isnt limited to Christmas. However, Americans help others year-round. Civic clubs such as th
11、e Lions Club, the Elks Club and the Rotary Club take part in local community projects. Many organizations exist just to help others. The Make a Wish Foundation gives terminally ill children a chance to have their dream come true. Habitat for Humanity helps poor people build their own houses. And bes
12、ides supporting worthy causes with their money, thousands of Americans donate their time by serving as volunteers in hospitals, homeless shelters and schools.Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance.Remember Aesops fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he
13、could win easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he did not give up.Compassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of “The Good Samaritan“ from the Bible describes a man who showed compassion. On his way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying
14、 on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion can even turn into a positive cycle. In fall, 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit by a hurricane. The next summer, d
15、uring the Midwest flooding, Florida returned the favor. In less dramatic ways, millions of Americans are quietly passing along the kindness shown them.In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, gratitude and many others cou
16、ld be discussed. In fact, Bennetts best-seller over 800 pages highlights just l0 virtues. Even Bennett admits that he has only scratched the surface. But no matter how long or short the list is, moral values are invaluable. They are the foundation of American culture and any culture.（分数：7.00）(1).Chr
17、istmas only means brightly wrapped packages under a decorated tree to Americans.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Christmas offers many opportunities to spread “Peace on earth, good will toward men“ around the world except in America.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.
18、C.(3).Americans help others only in Christmas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Compassion may be the most important one of American virtues.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Moral values are the foundation of Chinese culture.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分
19、数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Bennett only touched on ten virtues.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Aesops fable about the turtle and the rabbit is popular in America.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. a lot of moneyB. national peopleC. morningD
20、. local peopleE. national issuesF. local issues（分数：4.00）(1).British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many local newspapers in Britain are making_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Local newspapers are well received because they carry articles that please_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4)
21、.Local newspapers rarely give opinions on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Teach Your Child Science1. It is important to make your child interested in science from an early age. Most young children ask a lot of questions and you should give careful scientific answers. Dont only give facts, but try to give explanati
22、ons as well.2. Science is not just knowledge; it is a way of thinking, a method of finding out about the world. We see something. We try to explain it, and we test our idea by setting up an experiment. One day you come home and find the plant on the table has fallen over. You think it might be the w
23、ind from the open window or the cat, so you close the window, but leave the cat in and see what happens (you can also try leaving the window open and shutting the cat out). Of course, you remember there may be a third explanation.3. Ask your child to get a piece of string, some salt, a glass of wate
24、r and an ice cube (冰块). Tell her to put the ice in the water, and then put one end of the string on the ice, leaving the other end over the side of the glass. Put a little salt on the ice. Wait a minute, and then pull the string; it should be attached to the ice. Ask the child: “what has happened?“4
25、. Probably she wont know. Ask her whether fresh water or salt water freezes into ice first. If you live near the sea and have a cold winter, she should know fresh water freezes first as she will have seen that happen. Show her how to test the idea by half-filling two paper cups with water, adding sa
26、lt to one. Then put them in the icebox and check every three minutes. Write the results in a table. The conclusion will be that salt changes the behaviour of water. Thinking about the string, we see the salt turned some of the ice into water. Then the salt went away into the water and the ice froze
27、again leaving the string attached.5. Then you can ask, “Will water with salt boil at the same temperature as water without salt?“ She can think, tell you her idea and (taking care because of the heat) you can test it in the kitchen.A. What exactly is science?B. How do you find an explanation?C. What
28、 topics do you need?D. How do you answer your childs questions?E. Where does your child study science?F. How do you set up the experiment on salt and water?（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第
29、 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and
30、 his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make sig
31、nificant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments
32、, Kepplers team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurem
33、ent at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees CAt 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each
34、hour roughly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that
35、the types of bacteria( bacterium 的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.The new finding is an “interesting
36、observation,“ says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.（分数
37、：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane?A. It was produced from plants.B. It was not a greenhouse gas.C. It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D. It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists
38、 created _.A. a oxygen-free environmentB. an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth hasC. a carbon dioxide-free environmentD. an environment filled with the greenhouse gas（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?A. The
39、lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B. Living plants releas less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C. When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).
40、Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?A. Plants growing in soil release methane.B. Plants growing in water release methane.C. Soil microbes consume methane.D. Microbes in plants produce methane.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consumin
41、g plant-produced methane?A. Methane becomes less poisonous.B. Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C. Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D. Air becomes cleaner.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sustainable Development of AgricultureSustainable development is applied to just about everything from
42、 energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a
43、proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society
44、with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients(营养成分) captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the in
45、dustrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safer and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat (栖息地)loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in devel
46、oping countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21s tcentury will have to be very
47、different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact“. The key will be to abandon th
48、e rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons (正反两方面) of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure ag
49、ricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What
