1、职称英语理工类 C 级-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The central government is arguing the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.debatingB.disputingC.bargainingD.quarreling2.The police arrested the suspect yesterday and released him this morning.（分数：1.00）A.freedB.relievedC.kickedD.libera
2、ted3.I recognized him right away even though Richard disguised well.（分数：1.00）A.at lastB.on timeC.graduallyD.at once4.The boy ahead of me is my classmate.（分数：1.00）A.at the back ofB.behindC.in front ofD.in the front of5.The government has put forward new proposals to tackle the problem of increasing c
3、rime.（分数：1.00）A.brought upB.brought inC.brought backD.brought forward6.This hotel has established a very good reputation.（分数：1.00）A.systemB.nameC.relationD.leadership7.Our correspondent Carl from South Africa will give us a brief introduction of their presidential election.（分数：1.00）A.reporterB.repre
4、sentativeC.writerD.interpreter8.Knowing that I had been out of work now, they were unwilling to lend me money.（分数：1.00）A.unhappyB.readyC.preparedD.reluctant9.Walk along this corridor, and you will see“ the queens private chamber.（分数：1.00）A.officeB.toiletC.bedroomD.living room10.China has made remark
5、able achievements in its reform and opening-up program.（分数：1.00）A.improvementsB.entertainmentsC.accomplishmentsD.appointments11.What dreadful weather we have these days!（分数：1.00）A.terribleB.wonderfulC.niceD.cold12.The plane will be taking off in approximately 10 minutes.（分数：1.00）A.aboutB.almostC.pro
6、bablyD.rarely13.His kidney was given to his daughter so as to save her life.（分数：1.00）A.transformedB.transportedC.transmittedD.transplanted14.This gold mine was discovered by accident.（分数：1.00）A.by airB.by chanceC.at largeD.at ease15.He speaks Spanish fairly well.（分数：1.00）A.quiteB.veryC.alwaysD.hardl
7、y二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Artificial SpeechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact
8、will be a simple device that will act as our window into the world. It will have to be small enough to slip into pour pocket, so there will be a screen but no keyboard: you will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the Internet and will beep relevant information up to you a
9、s it comes in. Such devices will evolve naturally in the next five to ten years.Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based Internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen : click, back, f
10、orward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population.Changes like this will encompass (围绕、包围) the whole world. Becaus
11、e English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech, recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided (假如、若是) there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.Of course, in any language there are
12、still huge problems for LIS to solve. Carefully dictated, dear speech can now be understood by computers with only a 45 percent error rate, but even the most advanced technology still records 3040 percent errors with spontaneous speech. Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-di
13、rected conversation, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviors is probably 50 years off. We are not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.In the past insufficient speed and memory have held LIS back, but these days they are
14、less of an issue. However, there are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental (不断增长的)developments in performance are more likely. But it is true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to
15、 become highly parallel(并行的) if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will replace the methods we are developing now.（分数：7.00）(1).In the future, people will talk to computer instead of typing and clicking.（分数：1.00）A.A.
16、 Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).In the future, computers will be as small as match boxes.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Besides English, French is another frequently used language of science.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Within ten years, computer
17、s can make conversations which take human social behavior into account.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Computers can understand clear and carefully dictated speech more accurately than spontaneous speech.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Insufficient memory of
18、 the computer is still a problem.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).According to the writer, current technique has no room for improvement.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的段位后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；
19、(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Chinese Dialects (方言)The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themse
20、lves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship
21、 to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with li
22、ttle success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so for
23、midable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted.At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for mo
24、re than 3,000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated, 12,000. An Eng
25、lish-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.A. Dealing with the Problem
26、 of Various DialectsB. Difficulties in Learning ChineseC. Features of Chinese DialectsD. Differences in Chinese DialectsE. Dialects as Heart of the ProblemF. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）
27、填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. China failed to develop a single written language based on phoneticsB. a Chinese child is supposed to learn much more words than his English speaking counterpartC. Chinese dialects differ from each other to a great extentD. the Chinese language system has no
28、 relation to soundE. educate more people to learn the same languageF. there is only a small part of the population who understand the large number of symbols（分数：4.00）(1).According to the text, it is believed that Chinas poverty is partly caused by_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The result of the enormous diff
29、erences in Chinese dialects, as far as the author is concerned, is that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The main reason why there are a great number of symbols in Chinese language is that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).When a Chinese and an English-speaking child learn their own language, their biggest difference lies i
30、n the fact that_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BNarcotic Addiction (麻醉品依赖)Heroin(海洛因)addiction today is found chiefly among young people in ghetto areas(贫农区) , of the more than 60,000 known addicts, more than half live in New York St
31、ate. Most of these live in New York City. Recent figures show that more than half of the addicts are less than 30 years of age.Narcotic(麻醉剂)addiction in the United States is not limited to heroin users. Some middle-aged and older persons who take narcotic drugs regularly to relieve pain can also bec
32、ome addicted. So do some people who can get drugs easily, such as doctors, nurses and druggists. Studies show that this type of addict has personality and emotional problems very similar to those of other regular narcotic users.Many addicts admit that getting a continued supply is the main objective
33、 of their lives. His concentration on getting drugs often prevents .the addict from continuing his education or his job. His health is often poor. He may be sick one day from effects of withdrawal(撤退，这里指不吸毒) and sick the next from an overdose(吸毒过量). Statistics show that his life span(寿命) may be shor
34、ted by 1520 years. He is usually in trouble with his family and almost always in trouble with the law.Some studies suggest that many of the known narcotic addicts had some trouble with the law before they became addicted. Once addicted, they may even become more involved with crime because it costs
35、so much to support the heroin habit.Most authorities agree that the addicts involvement with crime is not a direct effect of the drug itself. Turning to crime is usually the only way he has of getting that much money. His crimes are always thefts or other crimes against property.Federal penalties fo
36、r illegal usage of narcotics were established under the Harrison Act(哈里森法案令) of 1914. The Act provides(规定) that illegal possession of narcotics is punished by fines or imprisonment. Sentences can range from 210 years for further offences.Illegal sale of narcotics can mean a fine of $ 20,000 and a se
37、ntence from 2040 years for later offences. A person who sells narcotics to someone under 18 is refused parole(假释)and probation (假释和缓刑), even for the first offences. If the drug is heroin, he can be sentenced to life imprisonment or to death.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in th
38、e first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The biggest state for addicts in the U. SB.The age group of drug addicts.C.The place where most drag addicts live.D.The cause of drug abuse.(2).We can infer from the second paragraph that_.（分数：3.00）A.some people become addicted to drug unintentionallyB.patients are likel
39、y to become addictsC.most drug addicts are those who are in the medical professionD.people over 30 years old are immune to drug abuse(3).According to the author, which of the following is the main objective of a drug addict?（分数：3.00）A.Quitting drugs.B.Getting financial help.C.Having drug all the tim
40、e.D.Spiritual comfort.(4).A student who becomes addicted to drugs may_.（分数：3.00）A.cheat in the examinationsB.daydream in the classC.drop out of schoolD.lose confidence in himself(5).A drug addict is always in trouble with law_.（分数：3.00）A.because he loses hope in himselfB.because turning to crime is
41、his only way of getting money to buy the expensive drugsC.because he rebels against the society and does not see things in the lights of reasonD.because he often gets into bad companyB第二篇/BThe First Navigational LightsIn the New World the first navigational lights were probably lanterns hung at harb
42、or entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues“ levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen of so true lighthouses
43、in the colonies. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.The first eight lighthouses erected on the west coast in the 1850s featured the same basic new England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though
44、, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; Some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Fa
45、rther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy, it was often necessary to build tall towers there, massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.Notwi
46、thstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (later, a foghorn). They also had something else in common, a keeper and usually, the keepers family. The keepers essential task was trimming the la
47、ntern wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life ; they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses was tak
48、en over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper gradually became highly professional.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：3.00）A.The Life of a Lighthouse KeeperB.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse KeepingC.Early Lighthouse
49、 in the Unites StatesD.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster Island(2).Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?（分数：3.00）A.The first lantern wicks were developed there.B.It was tile headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.C.Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.D.The first lighthouse in North America was built th
