1、职称英语理工类 B级真题 2011年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year. A. held B. offered C. increased D. expected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer. A. hoped B. admitted C. reported D. answered
2、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular. A. general B. traditional C. magnificent D. strong（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy. A. choice B. idea C. decision D. reason（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.At that time, we did not fully gras
3、p the significance of what had happened. A. understand B. give C. attach D. lose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.They converted the spare bedroom into an office. A. reduced B. moved C. reformed D. turned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A. doubting B. thinking C. s
4、aying D. knowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.We need to extract the relevant financial dat a.A. storeB. saveC. obtainD. review（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. A. stand B. spend C. take D. last（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.
5、A. offered B. included C. investigated D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.His shoes were shined to perfection. A. polished B. cleared C. washed D. mended（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.She always finds fault with everything. A. criticizes B. simplifies C. evaluates D. examines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.We have to act with
6、in the existing legal framework. A. limit B. procedure C. status D. system（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. A. effort B. problem C. concern D. influence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking sci
7、ence courses. A. relative B. continuous C. general D. sharp（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Lakes, Too, Feel Global WarmingTheres no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it has been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are startin
8、g to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009 , satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the sur
9、faces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer-by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem s
10、mall-you might not even notice it in your bath. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae(水藻), and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use
11、 measurements of air temperature to study how Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world.Thats going to be useful, sin
12、ce no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists arent the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of
13、 greenhouse (温室) gases we put into the air.Thats why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challeng
14、es of a warming world.（分数：7.00）(1).Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Lakes seem to be
15、warming faster in Asi（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(4).A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Global
16、warming is less threatening to small countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).UNFCCCs annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Online stores B. Differences from iPhone C. Display and data connection D. Busine
17、ss usage E. Features and applications F. Operating system（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. modified B. increased C. personalized D. browsed E. distributed F. released（分数：4.00）(1).In April 2
18、010 the iPad developed by Apple was 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).iPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：
19、阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a m
20、eans of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In Englan
21、d, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people
22、 who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of hi
23、s own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation.
24、High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. U
25、se your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wis
26、e not to use your mobile phone too often.（分数：15.00）(1).People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that（分数：3.00）A.theyre popular.B.theyre useful.C.theyre convenient.D.theyre cheap.(2).The word “detected“ in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.cured.B.removed.C.caused.D.discov
27、ere(3).The salesman retired young because（分数：3.00）A.he disliked using mobile phones.B.he couldnt remember simple tasks.C.he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.D.his employers doctor persuaded him to.(4).On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies（分数：3.00）A.deny the existe
28、nce of mobile phone radiation.B.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.(5).The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people（分数：3.00）A.to buy mob
29、ile phones.B.to update regular phones.C.to stop using mobile phones.D.to use mobile phones less often.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Book of LifeSo far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species (特种), and thats just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals,
30、and other creatures covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of a Web-based Encyclopedia (百科全书) of Life (Eo
31、L). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases (数据库) that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized (专门的
32、) knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds theyve seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only recently become available.As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pa ges for ki
33、ds who are studying ecosystems (生态系统) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that havent been reviewed.Another convenient feature of the EoL is
34、that youll be able to pick the level of detail you see to match your interests, age, and current knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the “novice “ setting to get basic information about the animals. On the “expert“ setting, on the othe
35、r hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed that process.
36、（分数：15.00）(1).“Spider“ and “bird“ mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate（分数：3.00）A.animals are peoples friends.B.there are numerous living species on Earth.C.it is easy to see spiders and birds.D.there are many types of spiders and birds.(2).The goal of the creation of the EoL is to（分数：
37、3.00）A.collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth.B.work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth.C.enlarge an existing website of the living species on Earth.D.add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Eart(3).At the starting stage the
38、 EoL will get information from（分数：3.00）A.all the websites available.B.databases built up by its creators.C.the existing scientific databases.D.non-scientists with specialized knowledg(4).The word “novice“ in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.beginner.B.scientist.C.creator.D.expert.(5).
39、Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.B.The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.C.Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.D.People with different intere
40、sts and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Longer Lives for Wild ElephantsMost people think of zoos as safe places for animals, where struggles such as having difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (猛兽) dont exist. Without such problems, animals in zoos should l
41、ive to a ripe (成熟的) old age.But that may not be true for the largest land animals on Earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. Sometimes, they even become unable to have babies.To learn more about how captivity (圈养) affects elephants, a team of international
42、scientists compared the life spans of female elephants born in zoos with female elephants living outdoors in their native lands. Zoos keep detailed records of all the animals in their care, documenting factors such as birth dates, illnesses, weight and death. These records made it possible for the r
43、esearchers to analyze 40 years of data on 800 African and Asian elephants in zoos across Europe. The scientists compared the life spans of the zoo-born female elephants with the life spans of thousands of wild female elephants in Africa and Asian elephants that work in logging camps (伐木场), over appr
44、oximately the same time period.The team found that female African elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years. Their wild counterparts who died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years-more than three times as long. Female Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they liv
45、ed 18.9 years, while those in the logging camps lived 41.7 years.Scientists dont know yet why wild elephants seem to get on so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts. Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖症) may be to
46、 blame. Zoo elephants dont get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild, and most are very fat. Social lives of elephants are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large herds and family groups.The study raises some questions about acquiring more elephants to keep
47、in zoos. While some threatened and endangered species living in zoos reproduce (生殖) successfully and maintain healthy populations, that doesnt appear to be the case with elephants.（分数：15.00）(1).Unlike other animals in zoos, zoo-raised elephants（分数：3.00）A.live a long life.B.give birth to many babies.
48、C.develop poor health.D.have difficulty getting foo(2).Which of the following about the scientists study is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.B.They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.C.The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European z
49、oos.D.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their car(3).It was found that, compared with female wild elephants, female zoo-born elephants（分数：3.00）A.lived longer.B.grew up faster.C.died much earlier.D.enjoyed the same life spans.(4).One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants problems is that（分数：3.00）A.they do not get proper food.B.t
