1、职称英语理工类 B 级模拟 63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.（分数：1.00）A.badB.politeC.similarD.usual2.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment .（分数：1.00）A.loveB.surpriseC.doubtD.anger3.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigo
2、rous exercise every day.（分数：1.00）A.energeticB.physicalC.regularD.free4.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil .（分数：1.00）A.failureB.confusionC.doubtD.relief5.Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.（分数：1.00）A.evidenceB.dangerC.caseD.picture6.I enjoyed the play, becaus
3、e it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.（分数：1.00）A.longB.originalC.humorousD.boring7.He demolished my arguments in minutes.（分数：1.00）A.disprovedB.disputedC.acceptedD.supported8.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.（分数：1.00）A.combineB.sellC.closeD.break9.Regular visits from a
4、social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.（分数：1.00）A.immediateB.greatC.equalD.moderate10.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.（分数：1.00）A.privateB.generalC.goodD.special11.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.attractB.encourageC.req
5、uireD.spend12.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.terribleC.necessaryD.normal13.I can“t put up with my neighbor“s noise any longer, it“s driving me mad.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.generateC.tolerateD.reduce14.The project required ten years of diligent research.（分数：1.00）A.hardw
6、orkingB.scientificC.basicD.social15.He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.（分数：1.00）A.unclearB.brightC.badD.general二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Writing“s on the Wall?Is it art or is it just vandalism (野蛮行为)? Well, it“s still a crime, but graffiti (涂鸦) has changed since
7、 the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag“, TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and d
8、ancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city people who fell left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could. An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Creator Manchester, has been so successful that pla
9、ns have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. “We“re planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,“ says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both se
10、xes. “We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other.“ The first site to be chosen was a subway. “Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to g
11、raffiti much more now.“ By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of “tagging“ on people“s private property. Street artists Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher di
12、dn“t spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spend more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he“d hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of W
13、olvehampion, England. “The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at.“ he says.（分数：7.00）(1).Demetrius was a teenager born in New York.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The graffiti scheme in Rochdale was f
14、or teenagers only.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti artists came.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Since the scheme started, new wall in the town were sprayed with graffiti.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mention
15、ed(5).Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Temper, a street artist, is now head of graffiti club in England.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop cult
16、ure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Fish Ears Tell Fish TalesFish have ears. Really. They“re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examini
17、ng fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石). Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears. As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸钙). By looking through a microscope (显微镜) and counting
18、these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish“s age, just like the growth rings of a tree. Ring counting is nothing new to f
19、ish scientists, but Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They“re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring. The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the wat
20、er that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring. Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically te
21、ll where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history. In the case of the Atlantic croaker (石首鱼), a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles. This is
22、important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Atlantic croaker B. The new discovery of Simon Thorrold C. Research made by Professor Simon Thorrold D. Calcium and microscope E.
23、 Otoliths of fish tell their age F. Simon“s research benefit the fish industry（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).The fish ears are small, which 1. A. the mid-ocean to coast B. do not open to the outside world C. yearly rings D. daily rings E
24、. the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean F. the environment of the ocean where the fish once swam（分数：1.00）(6).As a fish gets older, its otoliths gets 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring can tell us 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Thorrold once followed the Atlantic croaker from 1.（分数：1.00
25、）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet“s surface each minute to cover our needs for an
26、 entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil. Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revoluti
27、on, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but c
28、ould make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful; its reserves are five times larger than oil“s. Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the world“s energy ne
29、eds, mostly fuelling automobiles. The US consumes a quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and
30、 the North Sea. Alaska“s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge could be a major new US source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few de
31、cades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tones of carbon, and burning the entire
32、reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13. Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice.（分数：15.00）(1).“ . we will need to cure our addiction to oil.“ Why does the author say so?（分数：3.00）A.Most of the energy on Earth co
33、mes from the Sun.B.Oil supply is increasing all the time.C.Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D.Oil supply is decreasing.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Wood was the fuel of choice before coal.B.The use of coal is
34、declining.C.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D.Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.(3).Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?（分数：3.00）A.The United States.B.Russia.C.Norway.D.Venezuela.(4).What do experts say about
35、 the earth“s fuel reserves?（分数：3.00）A.The earth“s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B.There will soon be an energy crisis.C.Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D.Fuel demand will decline.(5).What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last p
36、aragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Rainforests will be destroyed.B.Arctic ice will be melted.C.The earth“s temperature will be raised.D.The sea level will go up.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Marvelous MetamaterialsInvisibility cloaks would have remained impossible, forever locked in science fiction, had it not been for the
37、 development of metamaterials. In Greek, “meta“ means beyond, and metamaterials can do things beyond what we see in the natural world-like shuffle light waves around an object, and then bring them back together. If scientists ever manage to build a full-fledged invisibility cloak, it will probably b
38、e made of metamaterials. “We are creating materials that don“t exist in nature, and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn“t exist in nature,“ says engineer Dentcho Genov. “That is the most exciting thing.“ Genov designs and builds metamaterialssuch as those used in cloakingat Louisiana Tech Uni
39、versity in Ruston, Louisiana. An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the field of metamaterials. Other applications are just as exciting. In many labs, for example, scientists are working on building a hyperlens. A lens is a deviceusually made of glass
40、that can change the direction of light waves. Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light, thus allowing a researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away. A hyperlens, however, would be made of metamaterials. And since metamaterials can do
41、 things with light that ordinary materials can“t, the hyperlens would be a powerful tool. A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable as small as the wavelength of visible light. Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination: I
42、f someone can think of an idea for a new behavior for light, then the engineers can find a way to design a device using metamaterials. “We need people who can imagine,“ he says. Since 2006, many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don“t involve just visible light. In f
43、act, scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials. At the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain, Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound. Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light, an “acoustic“ cloak would shuffle
44、waves of sound in a way that“s not found in nature. In an orchestra hall, for example, an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound wavesso someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience, without distortion. Sanchez-Dehesa, an engineer, recently showed that it“
45、s possible to build such an acoustic cloak, though he doubts we“ll see one any time soon. “In principle, it is possible,“ he says, but it might be impossible to make one, he adds. Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs as protection f
46、rom tsunamis. A tsunami is a giant, destructive wave. The metamaterial would redirect the tsunami around the rig or island, and the wave would resume its journey on the other side without causing any harm.（分数：15.00）(1).What is true for metamaterials?（分数：3.00）A.They will always remain in science fict
47、ion.B.They are already a reality.C.They are nonexistent in nature.D.Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.(2).A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens _.（分数：3.00）A.as it can allow scientists to see small thingsB.as it can help photographers to capture images far a
48、wayC.even if it is made of ordinary materialsD.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light(3).Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to invent _.（分数：3.00）A.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of lightB.an invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of sou
49、ndC.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of soundD.a cloak that is made of materials found in nature(4).According to Sanchez-Dehesa, _.（分数：3.00）A.it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soonB.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from realityC.it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloakD.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak(5).What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil rig from tsunamis? (Read the last paragraph.)（分数：3.00）A.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shiel
