1、职称英语理工类 B 级模拟 56 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily2.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny3.In Britain an
2、d many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity4.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.ben
3、ds6.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption7.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous8.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect9.John is collab
4、orating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.00）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing10.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise11.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling12.H
5、earing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved13.And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts14.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infinit
6、eC.inexpensiveD.inadequate15.Thousands of people perished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)EI Nino (厄尔尼诺现象)While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 El Nin a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers s
7、ay their method call predict large EI Nino events up to two years in advance. That would he good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that EI Nino can produce in various parts of the world. Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface t
8、emperatures to later EI Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate EI Nino events dating back to 1857 , using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature. The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C
9、. Weare. a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests EI Nino is indeed predictable.“ “This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to pred
10、ict EI Nino at long lead times.“ Other models also use seasurface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said. The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance. The 1997
11、El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $ 20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 EI Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and
12、 a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China. Prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said. When EI Nino hit in 1991 and 1997. 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone. According to a 2002 United Nations report. While predicting smaller EI Nino e
13、vents remains tricky. The ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed. EI Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two t
14、o seven years. The new forecasting method does not predict any major EI Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.（分数：7.00）(1).The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict EI Nino a few months in advance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB
15、.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nin
16、o occurrences.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Weare“s contribution in predicting EI Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by EI Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chines
17、e people.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It takes about eight months for EI Nino to reach its peak.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A special institute has been set up in America to study EI Nino.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Icy MicrobesIn
18、 ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake for more than 2,800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice. A research team led by Peter Doran of th
19、e University of Illinois at Chicago drilled through more than 39 feet ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Doran“s team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life. Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2,800 years old, but even older microbes may live
20、 deeper in the ice sheet sealing the lake, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques may one day be used on Mars. Called Lake Vida, the 4.5 square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes lo
21、cated in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, some 2,200 kilometers due south of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar
22、signals into the clear ice covering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater. That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer
23、. At the bottom of this hole, researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria. The searchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen
24、 will be cultured to see if it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Significance of testing techniques for sampling microbes in the deep ice sheet. B. Special features of lake Vida. C. Later expediti
25、on on mars. D. 2004 revisit planned for collecting lake water specimen. E. Antarctic frozen life sampled and revived. F. Accidental discovery of ice-sealed lake water Antarctica. Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. is found to be
26、 a great deal higher than that of seawater B. was of little scientific value C. may be older than that collected below 39 sheet of ice D. might have come from Mars E. is to collect some briny lake water for analysis F. may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice Scientists igno
27、red lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Scientists expect that the life, if found in deeper water below the ice sheet, 1.（分数：1.00）(7).What the scientists will do in 2004 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0
28、，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第一篇 Losing WeightGirls as young as 10 years old are dieting and in danger of developing unhealthy attitudes about weight, body image and food, a group of Toronto researchers reported Tuesday. Their study of 2,279 girls aged 10 to 14 showed that while the vast majority h
29、ad healthy weights, nearly a third felt they were overweight and were trying to lose pounds. Even at the trader age of 10, nearly 39. per cent of girls felt “too fat“ and 31 percent said they were trying to diet. McVey, a researcher at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and her colleagues an
30、alyzed data collected in a number of surveys of southern Ontario school girls between 1993 and 2003, reporting their findings in Tuesday“s issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal. Nearly 80 percent of the girls had a healthy body weight and only 7.2 per cent were considered overweight usin
31、g standard weight-to height ratios. Most researchers suggest the rate of overweight children in this country is several times higher than that figure. Nearly 30 percent of the girls reported they were currently trying to lose weight, though few admitted to dangerous behavior such as self-induced vom
32、iting. Still, a test that measured attitudes towards eating showed 10.5 per cent of survey participants were already at risk of developing an eating disorder. “We“re not talking about kids who“ve been prescribed a diet because they“re above average weight or overweight. We“re talking about children
33、who are within a healthy weight range. And they have taken it upon themselves to diet to lose weight, “McVey said, acknowledging she found the rates disturbing. She said striking a balance between healthy weights and healthy attitudes towards food and body image is a complex task, with no easy solut
34、ions.（分数：15.00）(1).The study showed that most of the girls _.（分数：3.00）A.were overweight.B.were on a diet.C.had unhealthy attitudes about weight.D.had a healthy body weight.(2).What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight?（分数：3.00）A.Nearly 80 percent.B.7.2 percent.C.Nearly 30 percent
35、.D.10.5 percent.(3).The survey participants were girls _.（分数：3.00）A.who were 10.B.who were 14.C.who were 10 to 14.D.who were 10 to 18.(4).What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with?（分数：3.00）A.A school.B.A hospital.C.An association.D.A charity.(5).Unhealthy attitudes about weight, bo
36、dy image and food may _.（分数：3.00）A.lead to an eating disorder.B.result from self-induced vomiting.C.make it easier to gain weight.D.bring about greater competition.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第二篇 Will Quality Eat up the U. S. Lead in Software?If U. S. software companies don“t pay more attention to quality,
37、 they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U. S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. Already, of the world“s 12 software houses
38、that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That“s largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U. S. software companies to change their
39、 attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U. Sbut not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming“s and Juran“s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total productio
40、n costs. In U. S. factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is. Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked o
41、ut a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It tell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%. Like Deming
42、 and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let“s hope that U. S. lead in software will not be eaten up by i
43、ts quality problems.（分数：15.00）(1).What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?（分数：3.00）A.India.B.The US.C.Brazil.D.Germany.(2).Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?（分数：3.00）A.He is now still an IBM employer.B.He has worked for IBM for 37
44、 years.C.India honors him highly.D.The US pays much attention to his quality advice.(3).By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?（分数：3.00）A.Its advertising was most successful.B.Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.C.The US hardware industry
45、was lagging behind.D.Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.(4).What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?（分数：3.00）A.It symbolizes the US determination to move ahead with its software.B.It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality
46、 problem.C.It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software.D.It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.(5).What is the writer worrying about?（分数：3.00）A.Many US software specialists are working for Japan.B.The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.C.India and Japa
47、n are joining hands to compete with the US.D.The US will no longer be the first software player in the world.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)第三篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their BrothersYoung female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggest a new study, echoing learning difference
48、s seen in human girls and boys. While young male chimps pass their time playing, young female chimps car)fully study their mothers. As a result, they learn how to fish fortasty termite snacks over two years before the boys. Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues a
49、t the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, spent four years. Watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania4 learned “cultural behavior“. The sex differences in learning behavior were “consistent and strikingly apparent“, says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing. “A sexbased learning differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans, “they write in the journal Nature. Chimps make flexible tools: from vegetation and th
