1、职称英语理工类 B级分类模拟 4及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：6，分数：100.00)Dinner OrderAs any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more. Lewis and his co
2、-workers carried out their study by videotaping the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents“ efforts to co
3、ntrol the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children“s IQ scores,“ Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.“ The study also provides an explanation for w
4、hy middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are
5、 invisible,“ says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that it“s the middle child.“ There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention. “When the TV is on,“ Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.“（分
6、数：15.00）(1).The writer“s purpose in writing the text is to _.（分数：3.00）A.show the relationship between parents and childrenB.teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC.report on the findings of a studyD.give information about family problems(2).Parents with large families ask fewer questio
7、ns at dinner because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are busy serving food to their childrenB.they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC.they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD.they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family(3).By saying “Middle children are invisible“ in paragraph
8、 3, Lewis means that middle children _.（分数：3.00）A.have to help their parents to serve dinnerB.get the least attention from the familyC.are often kept away from the dinner tableD.find it hard to keep up with other children(4).Lewis“ research provides an answer to the question _.（分数：3.00）A.why TV is i
9、mportant in family lifeB.why parents should keep good orderC.why children in small families seem to be quieterD.why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life(5).Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?（分数：3.00）A.It is important to have the right food for childrenB.It
10、 is a good idea to have the TV on during dinnerC.Parents should talk to each of their children frequentlyD.Elder children should help the younger ones at dinnerGlobal WarmingAt the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out i
11、nternational agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingl
12、y bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more
13、 important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that
14、the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if others countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content o
15、f CO 2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low or medium income countries are not yet willing to under-take legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of w
16、orld technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap. We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginatio
17、ns, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent diseases, especially where there had been none.（分数：15.00）(1).The main purpose of this passage is to _.（
18、分数：3.00）A.convince people that global warming is a real threatB.criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerC.analyze the problem of global warmingD.argue against making deep cuts in emissions(2).The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of glo
19、bal warming is that _.（分数：3.00）A.the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemB.world technology is not able to solve the problemC.not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsD.many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer(3).I
20、n the passage the author implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerB.it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environmentC.the world had recently become aware of the threat of gl
21、obal warmingD.the problem of global warming has largely been solved(4).According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is only a goal to be reached in the futureB.some people are lacking in imaginationC.some people are irre
22、sponsibleD.it would cause to a collapse of the world economy(5).What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?（分数：3.00）A.They should replace all the harmful substances.B.They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.C.They should hold another wo
23、rld conference on climate change.D.They should provide advanced technology.The Now Rich and the Old RichThough it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nation“s wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the u
24、pper-upper class is the “old rich“families that have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockfellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbi
25、lts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower-upper class is the “new rich“. Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled (急于做) to
26、 make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, ver
27、y rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare hooks, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kindall of which keeps them so distant f
28、rom the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on foreign relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of m
29、illions.（分数：15.00）(1).All the following statements are true except that _.（分数：3.00）A.the upper-upper class is of aristocratic originB.the “old rich“ enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich“C.the “old rich“ isolate themselves and lead a lonely lifeD.the upper class owns at least a quarter of the cou
30、ntry“s wealth(2).The “old rich“ get richer _.（分数：3.00）A.through the Social RegisterB.through their reputationC.by investing their inherited wealthD.by collecting paintings and sculptures(3).The reason why the “old rich“ look down upon the “new rich“ is that _.（分数：3.00）A.the former are wealthier than
31、 the latterB.the latter sweat themselves to make moneyC.the “new rich“ have no interest in artsD.the “old rich“ are conscious of being members of the upper class(4).The upper class is also called the out-of-sight class because _.（分数：3.00）A.they keep away from the general publicB.they spend most of t
32、heir time abroadC.they move frequently from place to placeD.they don“t communicate with any people(5).We can learn from the passage that _.（分数：3.00）A.the upper class is powerful and influentialB.the upper class collects rare books to make moneyC.the upper class holds all top government positionsD.th
33、e “old rich“ makes much more money than the “new rich“Lateral ThinkingLateral thinking (迂回思维), first described by Edward de Bono in 1967, is just a few years older than Edward“s son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but de Bono name was so famous, Casper“s paren
34、ts worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teachers might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?“ “We had to be careful and not overdo it,“ Edward admits. Now Casper is at Oxford-which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic (诵读困难). In fact, when he was
35、applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers thought he had a chance. “So then we did several thinking sessions,“ his father says, “using my techniques and, when he went up for the exam, he did extremely well.“ Soon after, Edward de Bono decided to write his latest book, “ Teach Your Children How
36、 to Think “, in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share. Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and everybody knows that children aren“t very logical. So isn
37、“t it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? “You know,“ Edward de Bono says, “if you examine people“s thinking, it is quite unusual to find faults of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.“ “ Teach Your Child How to T
38、hink “ offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly seeing the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternatives.（分数：15.00）(1).What is TRUE about Casper?（分数：3.00）A.He is Edward“s son.B.He is an adventurous thinker.C.He first described lateral thinking.D.He is often s
39、colded by his teacher.(2).Casper succeeded in applying to Oxford because _.（分数：3.00）A.he was careful and often overworkedB.all of his school teachers thought he had a chanceC.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherD.he read the book “Teach Your Child How to Think“ before the exam(3
40、).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward _.（分数：3.00）A.was likely to improve children“s logic with his bookB.gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was bornC.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicD.once taught businessmen how
41、to think before he wrote for parents and children(4).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements expresses Edward de Boon“s view?（分数：3.00）A.Everybody knows that children aren“t very logical.B.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.C.We often think ineffectively beca
42、use we take too limited a view.D.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence.(5).Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.improving one“s logic in thinkingB.improving one“s perception in thinkingC.seeing the implications of what you are sayingD.
43、exploring the alternatives for what you are sayingThe Effects of Global Warming on WeatherThere are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here“s one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over cen
44、turies. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation (植物) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometers a yearfaster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an u
45、nfamiliar environment will die. The 100-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO 2 and further boosting global warming. There are dozens of other possibl
46、e “feedback mechanism“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo“ effect, will do the opposite. The “albedo“ effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth“s surface. As northern ice and sno
47、w melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The
48、 fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the world“s energy is consumed by a quarter of the world“s population. T
49、he average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO 2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven percent of the global population, is responsible for 22 percent of global warming.（分数：20.00）(1).“Feedback mechanisms“ in paragraph 1 most probably refer to _.（分数：4.00）A.how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB.how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC.how climate changesD.how climate zones shift(2).We can learn
