1、职称英语理工类 B级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is obvious that he will win the game.（分数：1.00）A.likelyB.possibleC.clearD.strange2.There is no risk to public health.（分数：1.00）A.pointB.dangerC.chanceD.hope3.Did anyone call me when I was out?（分数：1.00）A.inviteB.nameC.answerD.ph
2、one4.It took us a long time to mend the house.（分数：1.00）A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair5.I don“t quite follow what she is saying.（分数：1.00）A.believeB.understandC.explainD.accept6.We can no longer put up with his actions.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.supportD.oppose7.Loud noises can be irritating .（分数：1.00
3、）A.confusingB.interestingC.stimulatingD.annoying8.That player is eternally arguing with the referee.（分数：1.00）A.desperatelyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.extensively9.The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.（分数：1.00）A.unclearB.firmC.shortD.neat10.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.po
4、pularB.boomingC.legalD.profitable11.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans12.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends13.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.c
5、onsumption14.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous15.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Smog (烟雾)For over a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires
6、 raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries including Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. When th
7、e smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous (有毒的). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed (喘息) and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immediately. The smog made it impossible to see acro
8、ss streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot (烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed (用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try and break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November, put out the fires and cleared the air. But the environmental costs and health
9、problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes (汽车排放的废气) and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for the first time. Wildlife has suffered too. In low
10、land forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the capital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poison
11、ous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4,000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.（分数：7.00）(1).Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The smog spread to neighbouring countries.（分数：1.00）A.
12、RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Water was used to try to break up the smog.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Many Indonesians blamed the government for the drought.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m
13、entioned(6).The forest animals haven“t been affected by the smog.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The word “smog“ first appeared in 1952.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produce
14、d from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned suc
15、cessfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement. “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. 2 Seed“s announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of it negative. I
16、n Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced. “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year.“ 3 Many researchers are not so negative
17、 about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human cloning will
18、 have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is often mislead
19、ing, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how would it feel
20、to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).（分数：8.00）(1).A. Strong reactions B. Anxiety about the future of cloning C. The right to choose D. What is cloning? E. Arguments in favor of cloning F. A common sight Paragraph 1 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2
21、 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. the nucleus of a cell B. cloned human beings C. a human being in two years D. a law to ban human cloning E. a report on human cloning F. heavy media coverage Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Richard Seed“s a
22、nnouncement received 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The United States will introduce 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Within ten years scientists will probably have 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world“s first thinking robot. This is not science fiction: som
23、e say they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports. Machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer science fiction. Kismet is the name of an android (机器人) which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Kismet is different from the traditional robot
24、 because it can show human emotions. Its eyes, ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androidsrobots that look like human beings-which can imitate human feelings. Cog, another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of
25、 a mother. However, scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old. The optimists (乐观主义者) say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids (机器人) with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them mor
26、e attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do? In the future, robots like Robonaut, a humanoid invented by NASA, will be doing dangerous jobs, like repairing space stations. They will also be doing more and more of the household work for us. In Japan, scientists are d
27、esigning androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano. Some people worry about what the future holds: will robots become monsters (怪物)? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers, connected to
28、the Internet, in the future. People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body, which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小装置). Perhaps we should not exaggerate (夸大) the importance of technology, but one wonders whether, in years to come, we will still be falling in love, and w
29、hether we will still feel pain. Who knows?（分数：15.00）(1).Kismet is different from traditional robots because（分数：3.00）A.it thinks for itself.B.it is not like science fiction.C.it can look after two-year-old.D.it seems to have human feelings.(2).What makes Cog special?（分数：3.00）A.It looks like a mother.
30、B.It behaves like a child.C.It can imitate the behavior of a mother.D.It has a huge brain.(3).In about 5 years“ time from now, robots（分数：3.00）A.will become space designers.B.will look like monsters.C.will behave like animals.D.will think like humans.(4).In the future robots will also（分数：3.00）A.explo
31、re space.B.entertain people.C.move much faster.D.do all of the housework.(5).What is the writer“s attitude to robots in the future?（分数：3.00）A.Critical.B.Hostile.C.Objective.D.Enthusiastic.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Credit Card Only Works When Spoken ToA credit card that will not work unless it hears its o
32、wner“s voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud (欺骗), The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-in voice-recognition chip. The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else“s credit card details to bu
33、y goods online. A model built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica, California, represents the first attempt to pack a microphone, a loudspeaker, a battery and a voice-recognition chip into a standard-sized credit card. They are not quite there yet: the card is the length and width of an ordinar
34、y credit card, but it is still about three times as thick. The company now plans to make it thinner. The voice card is based on an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud in online transactions. This earlier card has no microphone, but has a built-in loudspeaker that it uses to “squawk
35、“ (发出叫声) a voice ID signal via a computer“s microphone to an online server By verifying (证实) that the signal matches the card details, the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card to hand. The ID code changes each time the card is used
36、 in a pre-ordered sequence that only the server knows. This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps, noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later. But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards. The new one can. The new vo
37、ice card also identifies itself by its ID squawk, but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate (合法的) user“s spoken password. Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner“s voice with a high degree of accura
38、cy. The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded (嵌入的) in a credit card. To maximize battery life, the electronics are only switched on when the card is being used. Pressing a button on the card“s surface prompts
39、it to utter “say your password“ in female voice. If the voice-recognition software proves that the password is authentic (真实的), it sends its ID squawk which the server then identifies, allowing the transaction to proceed.（分数：15.00）(1).The voice credit card is an important invention because（分数：3.00）A
40、.it can be made cost-effectively.B.it can leave voice messages.C.it makes online shopping easy.D.it makes fraud difficult.(2).What is the problem with the model card?（分数：3.00）A.It is too large.B.It is too thick.C.It can“t be used in online transactions.D.It doesn“t have a loudspeaker.(3).Which of th
41、e following statements about the earlier card is true?（分数：3.00）A.Its owner can change the ID code freely.B.Its user does not need to key in the ID number.C.It can record its user“s spoken password.D.It still can be used by someone else after being stolen.(4).What is the advantage of the new voice ca
42、rd?（分数：3.00）A.It recognizes only its owner“s spoken password.B.It doesn“t need to work with an online server.C.It requires less ID information.D.It has a playback function.(5).What can we learn from the last paragraph about the voice card?（分数：3.00）A.Only female voice passwords could be recognized.B.
43、Further improvement should be made to extend battery life.C.There is no limit to its application.D.Female customers like to use it.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortuna
44、tely, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesrs
45、 bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesl“s family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, “It“s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so coo
46、l and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you“re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been m
47、aking Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy“s outstanding record: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and
48、has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy“s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.“ Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Comp
49、any was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations. Liesl“s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy“s bus to
