1、职称英语理工类 B 级-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.Aforce Binfluence Csurprise Dpower（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Can you follow the plot so far?Achange Binvestigate Cwrite Dunderstand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Even in a highly
2、 modernized country, manual work is still needed.Aphysical Bmental Cnatural Dhard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.Aresult Bjudgment Cdecision Devent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.Astatements Bbeliefs Csuggestions Dclaims（分数：1.
3、00）A.B.C.D.6.Up to now, the work has been easy.ASo BSo long CSo that DSo far（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The report advocated setting up day training colleges.Asupposed Bexcited Csuggested Ddiscussed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.ATherefore BAfterwards CHowever DF
4、urthermore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.9 The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.Aview Bsight Clook Dpoint（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.Atensely Bnearly Ccarefully Dclosely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The union representative put across her argument very effectively
5、.Aexplained Binvented Cconsidered Daccepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He talks tough but has a tender heart.Aheavy Bmild Ckind Dwild（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.Amaking Btaking Cdiscussing Dexpecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Our statistics show that we consume all
6、that we are capable of producing.Awaste Bbuy Cuse Dsell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.Afunction Bability Cpower Dvolume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, the
7、ir country will disappear from the face of the earthliterally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the
8、older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create
9、more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an eve
10、n worse fatethey would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threaten
11、ing their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps t
12、o reduce pollution.（分数：7.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).T
13、he heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long h
14、istory of civilization.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing
15、 pollution.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Robots1The most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are cons
16、idered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.2Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray- painting and assembling components.3In Britain, robot s
17、ales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.
18、4It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.5It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published i
19、n Japan.6The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test eve
20、ry single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.7The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who c
21、an get tired and bored.（分数：8.00）(1).AOngoing ResearchBExtension of UseCRobot HeroesDGreater ReliabilityEFalling DemandFHidden DangerParagraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Atoo much energyBbased on American d
22、esignsCthey are too costlyDthey are not reliableEgood to quality controlFfree of chargeEven the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _.（分数：1.00）
23、填空项 1:_(8).It is claimed that introducing robots is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about peoplenot their clothes, ideas, or languageshas changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was ma
24、de from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still
25、 exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒)“ of 1845-1846, and thousands more
26、were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South Am
27、erican countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when aperson named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and expe
28、rienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?AFood. BClothing.CIdeology. DLanguage.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Some“ in the last sentence of the fir
29、st paragraph refers toAsome cocoa trees. Bsome chocolate drinks.Csome shops. Dsome South American Indians.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ becauseAthey were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else.Bthey were forced to leave the
30、ir homeland and move to America.Cthe weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes.Dthe potato harvest was bad.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?ABrazil. BColombia.CEthiopia. DEgypt.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT t
31、rue, according to the passage?AOne third of the worlds population drinks coffee.BCoffee is native to Colombia.CCoffee can keep one awake.DCoffee drinks were first made by Arabs.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Please Fasten Your SeatbeltsSevere turbulence (湍流) can kill aircraft passengers. Now,
32、 in test flights over the Rocky Mountains, NASA(美国航空航天局) engineers have successfully detected clear-air turbulence up to 10 seconds before an aircraft hits it.Clear-air turbulence often catches pilots by surprise. Invisible to radar, it is difficult to forecast and can hurl (用力抛出去) passengers about
33、the cabin. In December 1997, one passenger died and a hundred others were injured when unexpected rough air caused a United Airlines flight over the Pacific to drop 300 metres in a few seconds.However, passengers can avoid serious injury by fastening their seatbelts. “It is the only antidote (对策) fo
34、r this sort of thing,“ says Rod Bogue, project manager at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.The centres new turbulence detector is based on lidar, or laser radar. Laser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air. The techniqu
35、e depends on the Doppler effect. The wavelength of the light shifts according to the speed at which the particles are approaching. In calm air, the speed equals the planes airspeed. But as the particles swirl (打漩) in rough air, their speed of approach increases or decreases rapidly. The rate of chan
36、ge in speed corresponds to the severity (激烈程度) of the turbulence.In a series of tests that began last month, a research jet flew repeatedly into disturbed air over the mountain ridges (山脉) near Pueblo, Colorado. The lidar detector spotted turbulence between 3 and 8 kilometres ahead, and its forecast
37、s of strength and duration corresponded closely with the turbulence that the plane encountered.Bogue says that he had “a comfortable amount of time“ to fasten his seatbelt. The researchers are planning to improve the lidars range with a more powerful beam. The system could be installed on commercial
38、 aircraft in the next few years.（分数：15.00）(1).What does “clear-air turbulence“ probably mean? (Paragraph 1)AA not very rough storm.BUnexpected disturbed air.CA kind of visible storm.DA storm over mountain ridges.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In December 1997, a United Airlines flight hit unexpected rough air
39、,Acausing a lot of damage to the plane.Bthrowing its passengers out of the cabin.Cresulting in heavy casualties.Dforcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The turbulence detector can tell the severity of the turbulence by measuringAthe speed of the plane.Bthe speed of the l
40、ight.Cthe number of particles in the air.Dthe changes of the particles speed.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can infer from the fifth paragraph thatAthe lidar detector can successfully forecast turbulence.Bresearchers are not sure about the effectiveness of the lidar detector.Cpassenger planes will be used
41、in further experiments.Dno more test flights are needed.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The last paragraph tells us, among other things, thatAthe lidar detector needs improvement.Bmany airlines are interested in the system.Cpassengers often forget to fasten their seatbelts.Dthe lidar detector can be used in a
42、wide range of areas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and To
43、ny Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,
44、 to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem
45、is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (绿树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation of
46、ten causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flower
47、s and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells but do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be con
48、sidered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?AThey are students at Sussex University.BThey are rice breeders.CThey are husband and wife.DThey are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.（分数：3.00）A.B.C
