1、职称英语理工类 B 级-40 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.A. areas B. rocks C. mountains D. seas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Italian ice cream is imitated all over the world.A. copied B. ignored C. organized D. provided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
2、3.Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A. readily B. casuallyC. obviously D. simply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very worthwhile.A. precious B. rewardingC. worth D. challenging（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.We shall take the treasure away t
3、o a safe place.A. clean B. pretty C. distant D. secure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He expressed concern that the ship might be in danger.A. worry B. difficulties C. need D. danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. hoped B. admitted C. reported D. answered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
4、8.These are their motives for doing it.A. reasons B. excusesC. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor.A. laid B. displayed C. kept D. stored（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Ten years after the event,her death still remains a puzzle.A. mist B. fog C. secret
5、D. mystery（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.They strolled around the lake for an hour or so.A. ran B. rolledC. walked D. raced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Gambling is lawful in this state. Alegal Birresistible Cenjoyable Dprofitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Their parents once lived under very severe conditions.A. sound B. hardC
6、. strict D. tight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I was going to speak to an old friend across the room, but she ignored me.A. regretted B. without regard toC. took no notice of D. neglected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Before the supper, my morn asked me to lay the table.A. clean B. dustC. set D. move（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第
7、 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Great Quake Coming?Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area-and they can be devastatingIn 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of peopleResidents now wonder when t
8、he next“Big One”will strikeIts bound to happen somedayAt least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area Faults are places where pieces of Earths crust(地壳)slide past each otherWhen these pieces slip，the ground shakes To prepare for that day，scientists are using new techniques to
9、 reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas Fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the timeDuring small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per secondD
10、uring bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second At such high speeds，massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itselfLucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)traveled away from the
11、 city during the 1906 eventAs bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occurRecords show that earthquakes were common before 1906Since then，the area has been relatively quietPatterns in the data，however，suggest t
12、hat the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakesStill，more than 84 percent of the citys buildings are old and weakAnalyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause exte
13、nsive damage People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a whileAccording to the new research，however，its not a matter of“if”the Big One will hitIts just a matter of when（分数：7.00）(1).The San Francisco area is located above several active fault li
14、nes ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second ARight BWrong CNot mentioned
15、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906 ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon
16、ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Health Education1Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A
17、 persons behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养)child, and the butcher (屠夫,卖肉的人)who gets a cut on his finger, By changing their behavior these individuals can solve a
18、nd prevent many of their own problems.2Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫) :scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unl
19、ess people to go receive the immunization.3Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.
20、Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availabilit
21、y (可获性) of resouces, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is i
22、ncomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even
23、regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Ne
24、cessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _.A many vaccinesB p
25、revent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Immunization helps to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Health education cannot take the place of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _.（分数：1.00
26、）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technolo
27、gy. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala Univer
28、sity in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. “ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy
29、 and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actua
30、lly suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart wind
31、ows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when a
32、n electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.One important feature that mak
33、es a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory. “ All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart wi
34、ndows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different. /（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs?A. Windows can change f
35、rom clear to dark to save energy.B. Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C. Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D. Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When are windows the weak link in a building?A. In the cold winter.B. In the hot s
36、ummer.C. When air conditioners are turned on.D. Both and .（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4 ?A. Windows that are coated.B. Windows that are glazed.C. Windows the color of which can be changed.D. Windows that have many layers.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To make electrochr
37、omic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?A. Electricity.B. Tungsten oxide.C. A battery.D. A voltage.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?A. The buildings will look different.B.
38、 Windows can be as large as you want.C. We may not need air conditioners any more.D. They are less expensive than traditional windows.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Where Have All the Frogs Gone?In the 1980s, scientists around the world began to notice something strange: Frogs were disappeari
39、ng. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians (两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now?Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all, amphibians are an important s
40、ource of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians, scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries, but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear.The most serious aspect
41、 of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human, beings as well?Sc
42、ientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay thei
43、r eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example, the arroyo toad (蟾蜍) of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in s
44、outhern California, and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly, the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction.There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has poisoned the rain, whic
45、h then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be especiall
46、y sensitive to UV light. And finally, scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world.All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land, the pollut
47、ion of the air and the water, the changes in our atmosphere, the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings, too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary (金丝雀) bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect pois
48、onous gases. When the canary became iii or died, the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger.（分数：15.00）(1).Losing amphibians means losingA. knowledge about fatal human diseases.B. knowledge about air and water pollution.C. a chance to discover new medicines.D. a
49、n opportunity to detect poisonous gases.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Amphibians lay their eggsA. in any stream they can find.B. in places without UV light.C. only on sand.D. only in the right conditions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The arroyo toad is disappearing becauseA. it has been threatened by frogs.B. it is losing its habitat.C. a disease has been killing
