1、职称英语理工类 B 级-36 及答案解析(总分：95.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A. forbid B. advocate C. inherit D. withdraw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Located in Washington, D.C., the Library of Congress contains an imposing array of books on every conceiv
2、able subject.A. history B. catalog C. shelf D. collection（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Japan made a proposal to Korea for increasing trade between two countries.A. preparation B. exception C. suggestion D. companion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.She felt frustrated when nobody understood what she was trying to say.A. bori
3、ng B. upsetC. angry D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The school dining room serves as a meeting place for teachers and students.A. uses B. utilizesC. functions D. exerts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A. shaken B. fallen C. damaged D. trembled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.While
4、 serving in the Senate in the early 1970s Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environment problems.A. list B. forbid C. handle D. investigate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A. promote B. paintC. produce D. polish（分数：1.00）A.
5、B.C.D.9.Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day.A. eats B. drinks C. buys D. produces（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Practically all animals communicate through sounds.A. Clearly B. AlmostC. Absolutely D. Basically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts.A. deals with B. deals in C. holds on D
6、. holds out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.There is enough space for me to put my new furniture in the roomA. place B. window C. room D. area（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A. supposed B. excitedC. Suggested D. discussed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The policeman wrote down all t
7、he particulars of the accident.A. secrets B. detailsC. benefits D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.These programmes are of immense value to old people.A. natural B. fatalC. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Tokyo is Worlds Priciest CityThe weak American dollar and strong European
8、 and Asian currencies helped make Tokyo and London the most expensive cities in the world, according to a recent survey. American cities were absent from the top 10, with the most expensive U. S. city, New York, dropping two spots from last year to 12 in the survey of 144 urban areas conducted by Me
9、rcer Human Resource Consulting. Moscow ranked in third place, with Osaka, and Hong Kong rounding out the top five most expensive cities.The survey, drawn up twice a year, ranks cost of living for foreign workers, not local residents, and is used primarily by multinational companies to determine pay
10、for expatriate employees. “The euro appreciated (升值) more than 11 percent in the last six months. “ said Marie-Laurence Sepede, senior researcher at Mercer. “So that made European cities go up and U.S. cities drop. “ Sepede noted that while U.S. cities got cheaper in relation to those in Europe and
11、Asia, the rankings among: American cities remained similar to previous years, with Los Angeles, Chicago and San Francisco all placing high on the list. Also not able was the climb of Australian and New Zealand cities up the list, a shift caused by those nations strong currencies. Sydney moved from 6
12、7 last year to 20 this year, and Auckland, New Zealand climbed 35 places to 80. The rest of the top 20 remained fairly constant, although Paris, Vienna, Austria and Istanbul, Turkey made their first appearances so high in the rankings.The survey took into consideration 250 criteria, including the co
13、st of utilities, food and entertainment. While the survey looked at a range of living standards, Sepede said the study was most representative of the expenses of people working for big international corporations and maintaining fairly high standards of living. Mercer said the continued appreciation
14、of the euro against the U. S. dollar could eventually force companies to move employees and reorganize. “Mainly, the depreciation(贬值) of the dollar makes it cheaper to send employees to American cities,“ said Jackie Barber, a spokeswoman for the survey.（分数：7.00）(1).New York is one of the top ten mos
15、t expensive cities in the world last year.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).According to a recent survey, two of the top five most expensive cities are from Asia.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The survey is a useful reference for multinational companies.A. Ri
16、ght B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The war in Iraq made many American cities drop in ranking.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Because of the Olympic Games, Sydney moved up quickly.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).This survey represents the life of
17、 local people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Compared with other cities, companies may prefer to send employees to Tokyo.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Chinese Dialects (方言)The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been
18、 a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking,
19、 for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has eve
20、r mastered it.As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a
21、technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted.At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects prev
22、ented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbo
23、ls.There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated, 12,000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time h
24、e begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.A. Dealing with the Problem of Various DialectsB. Difficulties in Learning ChineseC. Features of Chinese DialectsD. Differences in Chinese Dia
25、lectsE. Dialects as Heart of the ProblemF. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Chimpanzees1. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate
26、of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意)for the survival of their distant relatives - human being
27、s.2. In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans th
28、an they are to any other spectes of monkey. As well as resembling US genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先). But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3. The chimpan
29、zeestrump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of majo
30、r diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.4. For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant.5. By sequencing the chimp genome and
31、 pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for t
32、he human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.A. Genetic Differences Between Chimps
33、 and HumansB. Reasons for HIV ResistanceC. Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction for HumansD. Effective AIDS TreatmentE. Genetic Similarities Between Chimps and HumansF. Chimps Resistance to HIV（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
34、4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Arctic MeltEarths North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icyLast year，however，the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋)fell to a record low Normally，ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each wi
35、nter and shrinks(缩小)during the summerBut for many years，the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining Since 1979，each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice coverBetween 1981 and 2000ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness-becoming 1.13 meters thinner L
36、ast summer，Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels yetBy the end of summer 2007，the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometersThats 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of yearAnd its a very large 23 percent below the previous record low，which was set just 2 ye
37、ars agoThis continuing trend has made scientists concerned There may be several reasons for the ice melt，says Jinlun Zhang，an oceanographer(海洋学家)at the University of Washington in SeattleUnusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Ar
38、ctic1eaving a large area of thin ice and open wa ter Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the pastClearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the oceanThe extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphereIn parts of the Arctic Ocean last year，surface temperatures we
39、re 3.5? Celsius warmer than average and 1.5 warmer than the previous record high With both air and water getting warmer，the ice is melting from both above and belowIn some parts of the Beaufort Sea，north of Alaska and western Canada，ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer m
40、easured just 50 cm by seasons end The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from aboveSome scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover（分数：15.00）(1).The word“builds”in paragraph 2
41、 could be best replaced by Aestablishes Bexpands Ccreates Dconstructs（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By the end of summer 2007 the ice cover in the Arctic was A38 million square kilometers B4.2 million square kilometers C1.13 million square kilometers D11.4 million square kilometers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What ma
42、y be some of the reasons for the ice melt in the Arctic? AUnusually strong winds and clearer skiesBHeavy clouds and light winds CLonger summers and shorter winters DThin ice and open water（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Beaufort Sea mentioned in paragraph 7 is an example to show Ahow accurate the new measu
43、rements are Bhow thick the ice is in it Chow serious the problem of the ice melt in the Arctic is Dhow dangerous it is to travel to it（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be learned from the last sentence that Athe ice melt in the Arctic may never stop Bscientists are trying hard to stop the ice melt in the
44、Arctic Cscientists are delighted to find out what is going on in the Arctic Dthe warming trend in the Arctic can be reversed in the near future（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stop Eating Too Much“Clean your plate!“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club!“ Just about every kid in the US has h
45、eard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans (孤儿) in Africa! “ Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying “clean the plate“, perhaps we shoul
46、d save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子). A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally
47、associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition (营养) professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 19
48、70s, the same time that the American waistline (腰围) began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000
49、 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least 150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percen
