1、职称英语理工类 B 级-35 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Argument among the speakers at the conference is bordering on violence.A. is close to B. is besideC. is next to D. is alongside（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.A. natural B. fatal C.
2、 tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The book took ten years of thorough research.A. basic B. social C. major D. careful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Many visitors find the tempo of life here very difficult.A. kind B. growthC. speed D. spectacle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.A research center has been set up in this countr
3、y.A. praised B. establishedC. reformed D. criticized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.A. total B. square C. numerator D. list（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A
4、. result B. judgmentC. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Fond industry relies mainly on agriculture for raw material.A. depends on B. dependent on C. derives from D. derived from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.Afriendly BprivateCstrong Dsecret（
5、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.My relationship .with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.A. impressive B. public C. essential D. slight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Continuous short buzzes on the telephone indicate that the line is busy after you dial the telephone number.A. open B. out of order C. disenga
6、ged D. in use（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.They always mock me because I am ugly.A. smile at B. look down on C. belittle D. laugh at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks.A. definite B. effective C. qualified D. deficient（分
7、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.As he had already been accustomed to living in the countryside, Jackson refused to move to the city.A. used to B. got used toC. been fond to D. preferred（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Jean has made up her mind not to go to the meeting.A. tried B. promised C. decided D. attempted（分数：1.00）A.B.C
8、.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all: “I just cant remember a thing!“ But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.In fact we have differe
9、nt types of memory, For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may hav
10、e heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.With our emotional (情感的) memory, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and fo
11、r performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds - enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a m
12、uch better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember
13、only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past - or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).（分数：7.00）(1).Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not
14、 mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Visual memory may be used when we read a story.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Verbal memory helps us road words we have never heard.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.A. R
15、ight B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Animals do not have a long-term memory.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Generally we remember only a few facts about the
16、 past.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. too much energyB. based on American designsC. they are too costlyD. they are not reliableE. quality controlF. free of charge（分数：4.00）(1).Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ro
17、bots are less popular in Britain today partly because 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The use of robots increases 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. born to be more intelligent or less intelligentB. have a better chance to develop his intelligenceC
18、. taught to be more intelligentD. that intelligence was something a baby was born withE. and because of the lack of communication with his classmatesF. and partly stimulated（分数：4.00）(1).It was once believed _, and thus we can tell how successful she/he will be in the future according to his/her inte
19、lligence.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It can be inferred from the passage that a child will _ if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Children were not jus
20、t _, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New Foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people not their clothes, ideas, or languages has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate dri
21、nk was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. S
22、ome still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒)“ of 1845 1846, and thousa
23、nds more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other
24、 South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried on
25、e and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?A. Food B. Clothing C. Ideology D. Language（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Some“ in the last sent
26、ence of the first paragraph refers to _.A. some cocoa trees B. some chocolate drinksC. some shops D. some South American Indians（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because _.A. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything elseB. t
27、hey were forced to leave their homeland and move to AmericaC. the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoesD. the potato harvest was bad（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which country is the largest coffee producer?A. Brazil B. Colombia C. Ethiopia D. Egypt（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of
28、 the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?A. One third of the worlds population drinks coffee.B. Coffee is native to Colombia.C. Coffee can keep one awake.D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software
29、?If US software companies dont pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in
30、their country.AIready, of the worlds 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. Thats largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J. M.Ju
31、ran had urged US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Demings and Jurans ideas to bring down the cost of go
32、od quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He re
33、tired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It tell to 15% in 1996 and has sin
34、ce further dropped to below 10%.Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Lets hope that US lea
35、d in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.（分数：15.00）(1).What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?A. India. B. The US. C. Brazil. D. Germany.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statefnents about Humphrey is true?A. He is now still
36、 an IBM employer.B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.C. India honors him highly.D. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?A. Its advertising was most successful.B. Its products were cheape
37、r in price and better in quality.C. The US hardware industry was lagging behind.D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize?A. It symbolizes the US determination to move ahead with its soft
38、ware.B. It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve thesoftware quality problem.C. It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software.D. It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the writer worrying about?A. Many US software specialists are worki
39、ng for Japan.B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.C. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.D. The US will no longer be the first software player in the world.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Black HolesWhat is a black hole? Well, its difficult to answer this q
40、uestion, since the terms we normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here, Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escapenot even light. So we cant see a black hole. A black h
41、ole exerts (施加) a strong gravitational (重力的) pull and yet it has no matter. It is only spaceor so we think. How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they “collapse“ and sometimes a supernova (超新星) occurs. The collapse of a star may
42、 produce a “White Dwarf (白矮星) “or a “neutron star“a star whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but s
43、till having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. Any matter near the black hole Is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens Inside a black hole.Our space and time laws dont seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. E
44、insteins relativity theory is the only one that can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no “absolute“ time and space, There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer they are re
45、lative. Einsteins theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary (
46、由两部分组成的) star systems. In some binary star systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a “partner“ to the one which we can see in the sky. There is one star, called by its catalogue number HDE 226868, which must have a Partner. This partner star, it seems, has a mass t
47、en or twenty times greater than the sunyet we cant see it. Matter from HDE 226868 is being dragged towards this companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
48、（分数：7.00）(1).Which of the following does NOT fit the definition of the black hole?A. The black hole is a region of space.B. The black hole sucks in any object that passes by it.C. The black hole is visible through an infrared telescope.D. The black hole has no matter.（分数：1.40）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does th
49、e author put “neutron star“ in quotation marks?A. It is a special term of astronomy.B. It is an invented term.C. He is quoting an authority.D. He is using the term ironically.（分数：1.40）A.B.C.D.(3).What leads to the formation of a black hole?A. The structure of a star.B. A collision between two stars.C. The attraction of two large stars.D. The shrinking of a large star by its own gravitational for
