1、职称英语理工类 B级-32 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The graduate students will convene in the Student Union.（分数：1.00）A.converseB.meetC.summonD.raze2.The cheetah is considered the fastest of all land animals.（分数：1.00）A.regarded asB.substituted forC.Compelled to beD.expected to be3
2、.Mary McCarthys satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.（分数：1.00）A.fusedB.prefacedC.standardizedD.expressed4.Writing is a skill that requires consistent practice.（分数：1.00）A.invariableB.orderlyC.regularD.customary5.Needlepoint has always been an elegant and costly form of em
3、broidery.（分数：1.00）A.expensiveB.beautifulC.popularD.complicated6.What he said was contrariwise to what we expected.（分数：1.00）A.ironicB.innateC.oppositeD.circumspect7.A person who deals with the public must be courteous at all times, even when he or she is very tired.（分数：1.00）A.forthrightB.politeC.deci
4、siveD.neat8.Some birds consistently return to the same nesting area each spring.（分数：1.00）A.occasionallyB.purposelyC.regularlyD.surprisingly9.Photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War.（分数：1.00）A.usageB.camouflageC.collageD.r
5、eportage10.The ability to contemplate two contradictory thoughts at once is said to be a mark of genius.（分数：1.00）A.hypotheticalB.profoundC.opposingD.mathematical11.Crayfish, small freshwater crustacean similar to lobsters, are consumed by inhabitants of the Mississippi River Basin.（分数：1.00）A.bredB.c
6、aughtC.eatenD.supplied12.The new theory was corroborated.（分数：1.00）A.confirmedB.bleachedC.hurledD.refrained13.Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earths surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.（分数：1.00）A.popularizationB.contractionC.pollutionD.industria
7、lization14.Certain colors when incorporated into the decor of a room can produce a cozy atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.lightB.roomyC.clutteredD.comfortable15.Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict.（分数：1.00）A.become rigidB.contractC.closeD.die二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Help Your Child Beco
8、me a ReaderEncouraging early reading skills can build a path to a lifelong (终身的) love of reading and can help your child get a head start in school. While reading to your child is still the most important thing you can do to build reading skills, there are many techniques that can help.Make reading
9、fun. Play games with your child as you read. Many traditional childrens games can be adapted to encourage reading skills.While reading or during play, tell your child, “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the letter b. “Help the child find something on the page or in the room that b
10、egins with that letter. For example. “I see a barn. “This can also be used to teach beginning letter sounds. “I spy with my little eye, something that begins with the sound s. “Help the child find a word that begins with the “s“ sound.In this variation on the popular game, instruct the child that, “
11、Simon says, point to something that starts with the letter n. “The child can then find an object in the room or a body part, such as the nose, that starts with the letter presented. This can also be used to teach beginning sounds.Make a game out of rhyming (押韵) words by making up silly words to rhym
12、e with the childs name of favorite toys. This sets the stage for rhyming real words by showing the child the similarities of sounds. As the child masters making up the words, begin rhyming real words to one another.Tips to raise a successful reader:Put books in places where the child plays. If books
13、 are easily accessible, children are more likely to pick them up.Let children “read to you“ by looking at pictures. Making up stories to go along with illustrations helps children discover how words relate to pictures.Take books along on trips or even short visits to the doctors office or grocery st
14、ore.Have children help you shop. Reading grocery lists and looking for specific items helps build sight vocabulary.（分数：7.00）(1).A good reading habit can help your child do well at school.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Computer games can be used to help children develop their reading skill
15、s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).One of the useful games is to play spy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).When playing a game you should ask your child to find something starting with the letter b instead of c.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The purpose of the rhyming ga
16、mes is to make preparations for children to write poems.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).You can ask your child to tell stories based on pictures.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).You should take books with you when you go out with your child.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、
17、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Earthquakes Forecast B. Historical Records of Earthquakes C. Intensities of Earthquakes D. Cause of Earthquakes E. Indications of Earthquakes F. Damaging Earthquakes（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）
18、填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. by the quake itself B. not be prevented C. to cause damage of property and loss of lives D. of a possible earthquake E. the unusual behaviors of some animals F. the strong behaviors of human beings（分数：4.00）(1).Not all damage during an earthquake is caused
19、1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Not all earthquakes are strong enough 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Scientists have been working hard to warn people 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Earthquakes can be predicted by observing 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Clone FarmFactory farming could soon en
20、ter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to “clone“ chickens on a massive scale, once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the produ
21、ction lines every hour. Billions of clones could he produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same.This, at least, is the vision of the USs National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Ther
22、apeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $ 4. 7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.Thats unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease resistant birds t
23、hat grow faster on less food. “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there, “ says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to “create an animal that is effectively a clone“, he says. Normal cloning doesnt work in birds because eggs cant be r
24、emoved and implanted, Instead, the company is trying to bulkgrow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as theyre laid. “The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent, “ says Fitzgerald.Using a long-established technique, these do
25、nor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a “chimera“. Strictly speaking a chimera isnt a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chickens
26、 body develops from donor cells. “In the poultry world, it doesnt matter if its not 100 percent, “ he says.Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50, 000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now
27、 trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even
28、weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.（分数：15.00）(1).Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to
29、 the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Eggs are all genetically engineered.B.Thousands of eggs are produced every hour.C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.D.Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.(2).Which institution has offered $ 4.7 million to f
30、und the research?（分数：3.00）A.The USs National Institute of Science and Technology.B.Origen therapeutics of Burlingame, California.C.Embrex of North Carolina.D.Animal welfare groups.(3).In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get ther
31、e. “ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes _.（分数：3.00）A.chickens quality could be maintained but with less investmentB.chickens taste could be improved but at less costsC.chickens growth rate could be quickened but with less inputsD.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed(4).Which o
32、f the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.B.Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cells injecting machine.C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cel
33、l-injecting machines.D.Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.(5).The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPt that _.（分数：3.00）A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken onlyB.Origen can supply all the strain
34、s of chicken the market might needC.chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasonsD.chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Development of PRThe rise of multinational corporations, global marketing, new communications technologies
35、, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years age, for example, the wo
36、rlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about
37、one-third of U. S. companies. It may not belong before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for exampl
38、e, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Bur-son-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms hav
39、e half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the F
40、inancial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign“ would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, glob
41、al communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of _.（分数：3.00）A.shrinking cultural differences and new communication techno
42、logiesB.increased efforts of other countries in public relationsC.an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesD.the decreasing number of multinational corporations technologies(2).The underlined word “provincial“ (Par（分数：3.00）A.3) most probably means “ _ “.A. rigid in thinkin
43、gB. interested in world financial affairsC. like people from the provincesD. limited in outlook(3).London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because _.（分数：3.00）A.British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companiesB.British companies are heavily involved in planning activit
44、iesC.British companies are more ambitious than U. S.D.Four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned(4).We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry _.（分数：3.00）A.enjoy reading a great variety of English business publicationsB.speak at least one for
45、eign language fluentlyC.are ignorant about world geographyD.are not as sophisticated as their European counterparts(5).What lesson might be the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?（分数：3.00）A.The American PR industry should develop global communication technologies.B.People involved in PR should
46、avoid suing the word “foreign“.C.American PR companies should be more internationally minded.D.People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languages.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at t
47、he University of Chicago Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls
48、 at math.“If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement, “ said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys
49、 are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn-and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word “anxiety“ to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness o
