1、职称英语理工类 B 级-31 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of a set of things.（分数：1.00）A.measuresB.estimatesC.cancelsD.represents2.The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.（分数：1.
2、00）A.relied uponB.hinderedC.linked withD.imitated3.Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption.（分数：1.00）A.introducedB.causedC.usedD.upset4.Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol.（分数：1.00）A.mix withB.do well onC.exist inD.float on5
3、.Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator. “（分数：1.00）A.fascinated byB.articulate aboutC.proficient inD.suspicious of6.All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical
4、characteristics in common.（分数：1.00）A.as a result ofB.consideringC.cognizant ofD.whatever7.The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.（分数：1.00）A.slitheringB.radiatingC.interferingD.murmuring8.After Emil
5、y Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems.（分数：1.00）A.received praise fromB.withdrew fromC.rebelled againstD.traveled around9.Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five t
6、o sixty animals.（分数：1.00）A.as many asB.more thanC.fewer thanD.at least10.The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory.（分数：1.00）A.arrived onB.competed forC.disposed ofD.sailed for11.Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto.（分数：1.00）A.evaluatedB.deta
7、iledC.supportedD.mentioned12.Didnt you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes?（分数：1.00）A.attend classes in timeB.miss classesC.cheat in classesD.be unhappy about classes13.The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms.（分数：1.00）A.reje
8、ctB.repeatC.return toD.respond to14.The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborers stand against mechanization.（分数：1.00）A.contrast withB.interaction withC.ignorance ofD.defiance of15.Why do you want to throw away those books?（分数：1.00）A.imitateB.discussC.e
9、xtractD.discard二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Television Is Doing lrrearable Harm“Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?“ How often we hear statements like this! Television hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it,
10、Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres,
11、 cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the “goggle box“. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even
12、 given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesnt interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth d
13、uring a programme, he is quickly silenced.Whole generation are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turnin
14、g on the set. It doesnt mater that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂)and violenceso long as they are quiet.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why mos
15、t of the programmes are so bad : it is impossible to keep pace with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities (有文字之前的时期). We become utterly d
16、ependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken work.Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little “television“ cuts us off from the real world
17、. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-dark-ness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to re
18、al living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠)tyranny of King Telly.（分数：7.00）(1).This article is about the disadvantages of television.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not me
19、ntioned(2).We often go outside for our amusements now.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).We rush home to be in time for a programme.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).“The one-eyed monster“ refers to the TV set.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).One harm of telly is to consume q
20、uantities of creative work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).This article implies that all the TV sets in the world should be destroyed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Watching too much TV may not only results in the laziness but also the low ability to do things.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.
21、WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investing the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers（分数：4.00）(1).Par
22、agraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum（分数：4.00）(1).Early discovery of br
23、east cancer may（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Advantages of screening women under 50 are（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Delaying the age at which screening starts may（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Radiation exposure should be（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Life Form Found“ on Saturns TitanScientists
24、 say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturns moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency, NASA, analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon.Scientists have
25、 reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are “breathing“ in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titans planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This, they say, points to the existence of some “bugs“ c
26、onsuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.“We suggested hydrogen consumption because its the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan, similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,“ says NASA scientist Chris McKay. “If these signs do turn out to be a sign
27、 of life, it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth. “To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere, though there are liq-uid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce
28、it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Farenheit), a methane-based organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titans surface and much too cold to support
29、 life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Suns interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titans surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titans surface can very well have a non-bio-logical expl
30、anation, said Mark Allen, a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.“Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,“ Alien said. “We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological expla
31、nations. It is more likely that a chemical process, without biology, can explain these results. /（分数：15.00）(1).What have scientists found about Saturn?（分数：3.00）A.They have found methane-based life on Saturn.B.They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.C.They have found methane-based life on Titan.D.
32、They have found earthlike life on a Saturns moon.(2).What do scientists say about Titan?（分数：3.00）A.Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.B.There are life clues there.C.Rivers and lakes there contain life forms.D.There is acetylene ther(3).To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of lif
33、e. (paragraph 5) What does “this form of life“ refer to?（分数：3.00）A.Gas-based life.B.Methane-based life.C.Water-based life.D.Liquid-water-based microorganisms.(4).What can be inferred from what Allen said?（分数：3.00）A.Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.B.Scientists
34、all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.C.Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.D.Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.(5).Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Finding of One More Moon of
35、Saturn.B.Titan, a New Satellite Found.C.A different Life Form, a Possibility.D.Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Human IngenuitySince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just pl
36、ain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gi
37、zmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by
38、 tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands a
39、lone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, “says Dave Lavery,
40、manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world. “Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transis
41、tor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells a
42、re much more talentedand human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately d
43、isregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth cant approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still dont know quite how we do it.（
44、分数：15.00）(1).Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in _.（分数：3.00）A.the use of machines to produce science fictionB.the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryC.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workD.the elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work(2).The word “g
45、izmos“ (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.programsB.expertsC.devicesD.creatures(3).According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is to design a robot that can _.（分数：3.00）A.fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB.interact with human beings verballyC.have a l
46、ittle common senseD.respond independently to a changing world(4).Besides reducing human labor, robots can also _.（分数：3.00）A.make a few decisions for themselvesB.deal with some errors with human interventionC.improve factory environmentsD.cultivate human creativity(5).The author uses the example of a
47、 monkey to argue that robots are _.（分数：3.00）A.expected to copy human brain in internal structureB.able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC.far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationD.best used in a controlled environment七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Rising Oil PriceCould the ba
48、d old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to sup-ply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit infl
49、ation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the dame time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be les
