1、职称英语理工类 B 级-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The term “composition“ refers to the way the components of a drawing are arranged by the artist.（分数：1.00）A.paintedB.imaginedC.put togetherD.sharply perceived2.Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the am
2、ount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.（分数：1.00）A.DevicesB.HypothesesC.EffortsD.Suggestions3.Acetate is one of the most important artificial fibers.（分数：1.00）A.insulatingB.syntheticC.unadornedD.complex4.The Group of Seven, a clique of Canadian artists painting at
3、 the turn of the century, has been credited with arousing a widespread awareness of Canadas rugged landscape.（分数：1.00）A.stimulatingB.prolongingC.glorifyingD.encouraging5.Eleanor Roosevelt urged legislation to assist the poor and oppressed.（分数：1.00）A.helpB.houseC.employD.encourage6.Winston became qui
4、te avaricious in his late life.（分数：1.00）A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful7.The Railway Labor Mediation Act of 1926 supported the use of collective bargaining to avert interruption of rail service.（分数：1.00）A.avengeB.preventC.endureD.deny8.Before herbs were available in supermarkets year-round, her
5、b vinegar was made in the fall.（分数：1.00）A.obtainableB.affordableC.reasonableD.disposable9.Nitrogen is the most plentiful gas in the atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.waterB.earthC.bodyD.air10.New England town meetings, in their most highly developed form, are assemblies of the voters.（分数：1.00）A.protestsB.gather
6、ingsC.responsibilitiesD.liabilities11.Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.arguedC.pretendedD.hypothesized12.Located in Washington, D. C. , the Library of Congress contains an imposing array of books on every conceiv
7、able subject.（分数：1.00）A.historyB.catalogC.shelfD.collection13.Gooseneck barnacles attach themselves to objects such as docks and boats.（分数：1.00）A.fastenB.propelC.limitD.compare14.As nineteenth-century American cultural aspirations expanded, women stepped into a new role as interpreters of art, both
8、by writing works on art history and by teaching art.（分数：1.00）A.patronageB.imaginationC.ambitionsD.opportunities15.A gift to the United States from France, the Statue of Liberty was assembled and dedicated in 1886.（分数：1.00）A.repairedB.brought overC.unpackedD.put together二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Ne
9、w Product Will Save LivesDrinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs(虫子) , which can cause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages, which shows whether water is safe. The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it, to dest
10、roy anything harmful. It was invented by scientist Dr. Adrian Parton, who started Genera five years ago. He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company.Andy Headland, Generas marketing director, recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast g
11、ood American sales for it. Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at $ 42, 500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March. The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government. Genera was formed five years
12、 ago and until October last year had only five employees; it now employs 14. Mr. Headland believes that the company should make around $19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone.（分数：7.00）(1).Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
13、rongC.Not mentioned(2).Before he set up Genera, Dr Parton had worked for a British water company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The new product has been a commercial success in the US（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Each of the tests costs $42, 500.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
14、 mentioned(5).Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests before the end of the year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not menttoned(6).The British government is helping Dr Parton to sell the tests abroad.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Genera has increased the number of its employees recently.（分数：1.0
15、0）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Rich resources of the state B. Connections with the outside world C. Transportation problem D. The natives of the land E. Cold climate F. Land and population（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
16、(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. as fish does B. because of its rich natural resources C. by the United States in the 19th century D. shines day and night E. only a very small percentage F. a limited amount of the gold found there（分数：4.00）(1).For as long as three
17、 months of a year, the sun 1 on the ice-covered land of Alaska.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to statistics, 1 of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Gold did not bring to Alaska as much weal
18、th 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over ho
19、t rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground
20、caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say
21、that the smoke sauna, “svusauna“, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arth
22、ritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The bodys core tem
23、perature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of wat
24、er per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder
25、and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctors advice. The elderly and those
26、 with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.（分数：15.00）(1).Ceremonial ba
27、thing _.（分数：3.00）A.is called the sauna by FinnsB.is equivalent to the steam bathC.has various formsD.is held in an enclosed room(2).What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?（分数：3.00）A.Saunas in underground caves.B.Saunas with smoke.C.Saunas using wood burning stoves.D.Saunas
28、 using electric stoves.(3).According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.reducing the chance of getting coldB.speeding recoveryC.relieving stressD.curing asthma(4).According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because _.（分数：3.00）A.p
29、ores are cleaned by sweatB.water is lost by sweatingC.blood moves to the surface for heat exchangeD.the heart pumps harder and faster(5).Who are advised not to take a sauna?（分数：3.00）A.Elderly people.B.Pregnant women.C.People with heart trouble.D.All of the abov六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Mobile Phone and D
30、iseasesA study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), sai
31、d more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.The study at Finlands Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown
32、in a laboratory, he said.“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body, “ Leszczynski said.Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which we
33、re published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brains protective shield against harmful substances.The study focused on changes in ceils that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the f
34、unctioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointe
35、d to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said.“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrinknot the blood vessels but the cells themselvesand then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass. “ he said.Leszcz
36、ynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort, “ he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a
37、possible link with Alzheimers disease.“Where the truth is do not know, “ he said.Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Leszczynski, how does
38、 mobile phone affect ones health?（分数：3.00）A.Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.B.Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.C.Mobile phone radiation will bring stres
39、s to people exposed to it.D.Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid spee(2).Whats the result of the French study?（分数：3.00）A.The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.B.Mobile phone may affect ones normal way of thinking.C.Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiat
40、ion.D.A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.(3).What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone?（分数：3.00）A.Fatigue.B.Headache.C.Alzheimers disease.D.Tuberculosis.(4).According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone?（分数：3.00）A.People wil
41、l be forbidden to use mobile phone.B.People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.C.People will continue to use mobile phone.D.There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phon(5).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The research in Finland found
42、 that mobile phone radiation will affect ones brain.B.Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.C.Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.D.Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his researc七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00
43、)Problems of InternetThe proportion of works cut for the cinema in Britain dropped from 40 per cent when I joined the BBFC in 1975 to less than 4 per cent when I left. But I dont think that 20 years from now it will be possible to regulate any medium as closely as I regulated film.The Internet is, o
44、f course, the greatest problem for this century. The world will have to find a means, through some sort of international treaty of United Nations initiative, to control the material thats now going totally unregulated into peoples homes. That said, it will only take one little country like Paraguay
45、to refuse to sign a treaty for transmission to be unstoppable. Parental control is never going to be sufficient.Im still very worried about the impact of violent video games, even though researchers say their impact is moderated by the fact that players dont so much experience the game as enjoy the
46、technical manoeuvres (策略)that enable you to win. But in respect of violence in mainstream films, Im more optimistic. Quite suddenly, tastes have changed, and its no longer Stallone or Schwarzenegger who are the top stars, but Leonardo DiCapriothat has taken everybody by surprise.Go through the most
47、successful films in Europe and America now and you will find virtually none that we are violent. Quentin Tarantino didnt usher in a new, violent generation, and films are becoming much more prosocial than one would have expected.Cinemagoing will undoubtedly survive. The new multiplexes are a gloriou
48、s experience, offering perfect sound and picture and very comfortable seats, thins which had died out in the 1980s. I cant believe weve achieved that only to throw it away in favor of huddling around a 14-inch computer monitor to watch digitally-delivered movies at home.It will become increasingly c
49、heap to make films, with cameras becoming smaller and lighter but remaining very precise. That means greater chances for new talent to emerge, as it will be much easier for people to learn how to be better film-makers. Peoples working lives will be shorter in the future, and once retired they will spend a lot of time learning to do things that amuse themlike making videos. Fifty years on we could well be m
