1、职称英语理工类 B级-28 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.After an exchange of gunfire, the terrorist group surrendered at last. A. gave off B. gave up C. gave in D. gave away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Ive always been cautious about giving people my phone number. A. afraid B. frightened C. car
2、eful D. rational（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Everyone aboard the ship perished when it sank. A. disappeared B. survived C. wounded D. died（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.On a bright autumn day, my family went to climb the Fragrance Mountain. A. dull B. sunny C. cloudy D. clear（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I wrote to that company a w
3、eek ago, but I didnt receive any reply. A. information B. answer C. word D. message（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Living in different cities, Linda and Lisa are still intimate friends. A. close B. good C. friendly D. poor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Walk along this corridor, and you will see the queens private chamber. A
4、. office B. toilet C. bedroom D. living room（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Yet in one way they are really so fortunate. A. to some extent B. in the way C. by the way D. just then（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.In the countryside, there were villages with winding brooks and fruitful trees. A. paths B. roads C. streams D. blo
5、cks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The price of a 29-inch television has decreased by 300%. A. increased B. cut C. rose D. dropped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.They planned to cover 150 miles on the first day of their journey. A. walk B. fly C. reach D. travel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.As a manager, I should know more about the
6、 hotel trade. A. business B. industry C. export D. training（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.They are still calculating the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers. A. affect B. influence C. pressure D. passion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.As soon as we crossed the border, enemy troops started firing at our tr
7、oops. A. shooting B. fighting C. striking D. hitting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.This gold mine was discovered by accident. A. by air B. by chance C. at large D. at ease（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active tha
8、t even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in cheek! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar w
9、ind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and
10、south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause
11、atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glo
12、ws red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the
13、 aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still abo
14、ut 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Cir
15、cle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!（分数：7.00）(1).The Suns gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protec
16、t it from the attack by the solar wind.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earths protective magnetic field in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Ea
17、rths atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canad（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(6).Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and
18、Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A It is not beneficial for people to keep mentally active.B Intellectua
19、l activity can strengthen peoples mental health regardless of their age.C Old people should engage in both mental and physical activities.D Old people only need to engage in physical activities individually.E People, with an active mind are more cognitively healthy in their old age.F Many experts ar
20、e putting the theory to work in their own lives.（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A physically and mentally activeB be alert and receptiveC engage in mental, activitiesD the benefits of challenging
21、 the brainE beneficial and happyF maintain mental alertness（分数：4.00）(1).If people are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in, they will be_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many experts are putting the theory to work in their own lives because they are convinced of_.（分
22、数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Such specific training as learning to memorize enormous amounts of information is of less interest than being able to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Older people need to keep both_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worl
23、dwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring sa
24、fety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you dont miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesnt distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result fro
25、m human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through“ high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The col
26、or of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have less surprisingly size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in t
27、he fuel tank, you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many tra
28、ffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyones personal chauffeur, but their
29、 latest efforts suggest that wont be soon.（分数：15.00）(1).What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?（分数：3.00）A.They are developing faster electric vehicles.B.They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.C.They focus their rese
30、arch on safety and new fuels.D.They are designing fully automatic cars.(2).According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen_.（分数：3.00）A.because drivers fall asleepB.because drivers make mistakesC.because of engine failureD.because of speeding(3).Which of the safety developments is NOT m
31、entioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.B.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.C.Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.D.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.(4).What is NOT the purpose of innova
32、tions that use satellite tracking and remote communications?（分数：3.00）A.To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.B.To call for help when ones car crashes.C.To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.D.To track the car down when it is being stolen.(5).What is true of robotic dri
33、vers?（分数：3.00）A.It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to us六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes
34、commonly found in living cells, a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production, you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.In fuel cells, chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process
35、 usually relies on precious metals, such as platinum. In living cells, enzymes perform a similar job, breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells, they had trouble keeping them active, says Shelley D. Minteer of St Louis Universi
36、ty. Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes, theres no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach, also of St Louis University, have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket. “We
37、tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment“ for the enzyme, Minteer says. The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.In the new fuel cell, tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes. When glucose from a sugary liquid ge
38、ts into a pocket, the enzyme oxidizes it, releasing electrons and protons. The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode, where they react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water. The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electr
39、ical current that can generate power.So far, the new fuel cells dont produce much power, but the fact that they work at all is exciting, says Paul Kenis, a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “Just getting it to work,“ Kenis says, “is a major accomplishment. /（分数：15.
40、00）(1).According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?（分数：3.00）A.When enzymes can be commonly found in living cells.B.When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.C.When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass prod
41、uction.D.When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.(2).What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?（分数：3.00）A.They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.B.They had trouble keeping biological cells active.C.They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.D.They h
42、ad trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.(3).According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released_.（分数：3.00）A.when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cellB.when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzymeC.when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes th
43、rough a pocketD.when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket(4).What is exciting about the new fuel cells?（分数：3.00）A.Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.B.Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.C.Their limited power generation capacity i
44、s the result of great efforts.D.Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment.(5).According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?（分数：3.00）A.The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.B.The new fuel cells are environment friendly.C.The new fuel
45、 cells are biologically degradable.D.It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eiffel Is an EyefullSome 2,300 meters up, near the Eiffel Towers wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble. Japanese, Brazilians, Americans-they graffiti t
46、heir names, loves and politics on the cold iron-transforming the most French of monuments into symbol of a world on the move.With Paris laid out in miniature below, it seems strange that visitors would rather waste time marking their presence than admire the view. But the graffiti also raises a ques
47、tion: Why, nearly 114 years after it was completed, and decades after it ceased to be the worlds tallest structure, is la Tour Eiffel still so popular?The reasons are as complex as the iron work that graces a structure some 90 stories high. But part of the answer is, no doubt, its agelessness. Regul
48、arly maintained, it should never rust away. Graffiti is regularly painted over, but the tower lives on.“Eiffel represents Paris and Paris is France. It is very symbolic, “ says Hugues Richard, a 31-year-old Frenchman who holds the record for cycling up to the towers second floor-747 steps in 19 minu
49、tes and 4 seconds, without touching the floor with his feet. “Its iron lady, it inspires us,“ he says.But to what? After all, the tower doesnt have a purpose. It ceased to be the worlds tallest in 1930 when the Chrysler Building went up in New York. Yes, television and radio signals are beamed from the top, and Gustave
