1、职称英语理工类 B级-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The normal price of a ticket for an adult is $230. A. ordinary B. proper C. fair D. medium（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.My sister has a talent for music. A. interest B. limitation C. dream D. gift（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He was said to have been
2、 removed from the position of manager for a recent conflict with an important customer. A. dismissed B. released C. picked D. exposed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A. resumed B. put an end to C. suspended D. re-scheduled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I reserv
3、e the right to disagree. A. deserve B. keep C. perceive D. notice（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Theres no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards. A. enjoyment B. strength C. temper D. excitement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the comer of the street is a very smart one. A. clever B.
4、elegant C. loyal D. brave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The solid facts he provided in his speech left a deep impression on his audience. A. strong B. entire C. reliable D. hard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Ms Hawkins handles the companys accounts. A. deals with B. deals in C. holds on D. holds out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Ther
5、es no fun in spending the whole evening playing cards. A. enjoyment B. strength C. temper D. excitement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.On Thanksgiving in the United States, families gather and give thanks for the blessing of the past year. A. pick up B. come together C. compete D. correspond（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.
6、The city was literally destroyed. A. word-for-word B. eventually C. actually D. likely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I dont feel secure when I am alone in the house. A. safe B. pretty C. distant D. obvious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The government is debating the education laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying
7、D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.We cant take more than 100 guests. A. hold B. set C. let D. catch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Great Quake Coming?Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating. In 1906, for example, a
8、 major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands of people. Residents now wonder when the next “Big One“ will strike. Its bound to happen someday. At least seven active fault (断层) lines run through the San Francisco area. Faults are places where pieces of Earths c
9、rust (地壳) slide past each other. When these pieces slip, the ground shakes.To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens.One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas
10、 fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time. During small earthquakes, faults rupture. (断裂) at about 2.7 kilometers per second. During bigger quakes, however, ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second.At such high speeds, massive amounts of pressure bui
11、ld up, generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself. Lucky for San Francisco, these pressure pulses travel away from the city during the 1906 event. As bad as the damage was, it could have been far worse.Looking ahead, scientists are trying to predict when the next m
12、ajor quake will occur. Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906. Since then, the earthquake has been relatively quiet. Patterns in the data, however, suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent.New buildings in San Francisc
13、o are quite safe in case of future quakes. Still, more than 84 percent of the citys buildings are old and weak. Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage.People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while. According
14、 to the new research, however, its not a matter of “if the Big One will hit“. Its just a matter of when.（分数：7.00）(1).The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American hi
15、story.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).San Francisco is fully prepared fo
16、r another big earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(
17、总题数：2，分数：8.00)A Different opinion in BritainB The lie detectors are misleadingly attractiveC The recognition of a methodD The example of using lie detectorsE The principle to find a persons guiltF The problem of using lie detectors（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项
18、 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A anticipating the crucial questionsB lie detectors are wildly used in the United StatesC convicted of crimes they have not committedD whether to adopt the lie detectors or notE they discount human imagination and ingenuityF lie det
19、ectors ire misleadingly attractive（分数：4.00）(1).In order to find out whether a person is telling the truth or not_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).In Britain, people couldnt decide_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The test themselves are by no means free from error, because_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The person who is really guilty
20、can distort the results by_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research ind
21、icates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as i
22、t does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt Can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower
23、salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men
24、and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to str
25、ongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,“ said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensel
26、y, consume more salt than non-tasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.“However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hay
27、es noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,“ he said. “A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.“Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ag
28、o by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.“Some people, ca
29、lled supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called non-tasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter.“ he said. “Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because
30、supertasting is not limited to bitterness.（分数：15.00）(1).In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that_.（分数：3.00）A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.B.many people reject low-salt food completely.C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.D.food with reduced salt tastes better.(
31、2).The fourth paragraph describes briefly_.（分数：3.00）A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.B.how to identify supertasters and non-tasters.C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.(3).The article argues that supertasters_
32、.（分数：3.00）A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in foodB.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavorC.consume less salt because they dont like intensive tastesD.like to share salty cheese with non-tasters(4).Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter ta
33、ste?（分数：3.00）A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.B.They like high salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.C.They prefer high-salt cheese which tastes less bitter.D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to healt(5).What message do the last two paragraphs carry?（分数：3.00）A.Tast
34、e acuity is genetically determined.B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.C.Taste acuity is related to ones eye and hair color.D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in scienc六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Mind-reading MachineA team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict
35、what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for th
36、is processing.The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the
37、more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood-and therefore, whi
38、ch parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By
39、highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of
40、 everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used
41、this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their mod
42、el to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.（分数：15.00）(1).What is responsible for
43、 processing the information sent by your eyes?（分数：3.00）A.A small region of the brain.B.The central part of the brain.C.Neurons in the brain.D.Oxygen-rich blood(2).Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?（分数：3.00）A.Ceils in your brain are called neurons.B.The more oxygen a neuron
44、 consumes, the more blood it needs.C.FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.D.fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.(3).“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work“ means_.（分数：3.00）A.“marking the parts of the brain that are pr
45、ocessing information“B.“giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information“C.“putting the parts of the brain to work“D.“stopping the parts of the brain from working“(4).What did the researchers experiment on?（分数：3.00）A.Animals, objects, and fruits.B.Two volunteers.C.fMRI machines
46、.D.Thousands of pictures.(5).Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide?（分数：3.00）A.The Recent Development in Science and Technology.B.Your Thoughts Can Be ScannedC.A Technological Dream.D.A Device that can Help You Calculat七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Putting Plants to WorkUsing the powe
47、r of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight,
48、carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exa
49、ctly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo., is working with green algae. Shes trying to trick them into producing hy
