1、职称英语理工类 B级-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.What people often talk is their dream. A. worry B. show C. reduce D. mention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The new style of shoes appeals to those students. A. arises B. absorbs C. attracts D. accepts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.These ideas can be ap
2、plied to the practice. A. be attached to B. be practiced in C. be cancelled by D. be taken away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A. expressive B. physical C. exaggerated D. dubious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.His judgment is obviously wrong. A. evidently B. p
3、ossibly C. totally D. finally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The study has posed a question about this nature. A. supported B. cancelled C. aroused D. raised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A. resumed B. put an end to C. suspended D. re-scheduled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
4、.8.John doesnt believe in traditional medicine; he has some remedies of his own. A. correct B. regular C. common D. conventional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. A. regularly B. accidentally C. sometimes D. successfully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Th
5、e judges must exercise the power to end the case. A. make B. use C. have D. watch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.With immense relief, I stopped running. A. much B. enormous C. little D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Please dont refuse his help because he is so kind a man. A. mm down B. go down C. put down D. pul
6、l down（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.If we had discussed it with the manager, he would have surely agree with it. A. unnecessarily B. simply C. certainly D. possibly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.This is the unique solution to our problem. A. only B. alone C. single D. lonely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Before you carry out a sur
7、vey, you should have a careful planning. A. career B. search C. plan D. research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)They Say Irelands the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britains Economist magazine last week
8、.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as
9、 well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and community life“.Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤) , gender inequality and the high cost of living. Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, whic
10、h managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的), picking up only 3.89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued.“ the report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃
11、) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life“.The magazine admitted me
12、asuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower pos
13、ition chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.（分数：7.00）(1).For 2, 005 years, Ireland has b
14、een the best place for humans to live in.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Job security is the least important measure of life quality.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Family life in Zimbabwe is not s
15、table.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).To measure life quality is easy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The United
16、States of America is among the top 10 countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Atmospheric Scientists B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols D. The Scientists Agreement E. The Authoritative Con
17、clusion F. Greenhouse Gases（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. will influence future climate change B. was somewhat surprising C. will rise rapidly D. was known to us all E. was much higher t
18、han had been expected F. will drop dramatically（分数：4.00）(1).When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The increase of
19、greenhouse gases 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)American SocietyWhen foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.Although it is true
20、that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun wi
21、th little difficulty.Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and shee
22、p feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun c
23、ontrol legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms“. They believe
24、 that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone
25、into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.The day may
26、 not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.（分数：15.00）(1).What is most unusual about American society?（分数：3.00）A.Many Americans acquire guns illegally.B.Ordinary people can possess guns legally.C.The average citizen does not try
27、to possess guns.D.Many school children carry guns legally.(2).Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that _.（分数：3.00）A.deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the countryB.herds and flocks bother farmer at nightC.hunting is part of the American way of lifeD.wolves threaten peoples
28、lives in rural areas(3).The National Rifle Association was established to _.（分数：3.00）A.help strengthen gun control lawsB.unite people who possess gunsC.defend Americans right to possess gunsD.solve the problem of crime and violence(4).Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is _.（
29、分数：3.00）A.gathering political supportB.becoming increasingly restrictedC.threatening endangered speciesD.causing serious problems(5).The authors attitude towards the US gun culture is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.neutral六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Living Standards Around the WorldThe diffe
30、rences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures o
31、f the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has
32、 been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in l
33、iving standards is attributable to differences in countries productivitythat is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in n
34、ations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are
35、far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real
36、 hero of American workers is their rising productivity.The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and se
37、rvices. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest econom
38、ic growth in history?（分数：3.00）A.Mexico.B.The United States.C.Japan.D.South Kore(2).The word “meager“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _（分数：3.00）A.modestB.poorC.meaninglessD.plentiful(3).What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?（分数
39、：3.00）A.Labor unions.B.Minimum-wage laws.C.Rising productivity.D.Favorable public policy.(4).The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that _.（分数：3.00）A.it calls policymakers attention to a qualified work forceB.it encourages workers to get better educ
40、ationC.it helps improve the workers ability to produce goods and servicesD.it enables policymakers to access the latest technology(5).The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：3.00）A.the differences in average income among countriesB.the relationship between productivity and living standardsC.the causes of
41、 the rise in living standardsD.the importance of raising productivity七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)LibrariesLibraries form a vital part of the worlds systems of communication and education. They make available knowledge accumulated through the ages. People in all walks of life use library resources in their
42、work. People also turn to libraries to satisfy a desire for knowledge or to obtain material for leisure-time activity. In addition, many people enjoy book discussions, concerts, film programs, lectures, story hours, and a variety of other activities provided by libraries. Libraries also play an impo
43、rtant role in preserving a societys cultural heritage (遗产). The library ranks as one of societys most useful service institutions.The contents of libraries have changed so much through the years that the word library itself is, in a sense, inaccurate. The word comes from the Latin word liber, which
44、means book. Todays libraries house many books, of course. However, they also have a wide variety of other materials that communicate, educate, and entertain. These materials include magazines, manuscripts (手稿), newspapers, and computer documents. Audio and visual materials include CDs, audiocassette
45、 tapes, videotapes, films, maps, paintings, and photographs.In addition to regular books, a library may have large-type books, books for the blind, and tape recordings of books, called talking books. Librarians keep pace with the changing contents of libraries to serve as many people as possible. Th
46、eir efforts have turned libraries into multimedia resource centers.The expansion of library contents greatly increases the librarys ability to communicate and educate. For example, people interested in classical music can listen to CDs and read books on the topics. Students of agriculture can read m
47、agazines and watch videotapes on farming methods. Many people use magazines and newspapers to find the most up-to-date material on current events.In addition to expanding contents, librarians have developed many kinds of libraries to serve the needs of different people. The materials of each kind of
48、 library are selected to meet the needs of a specific group of patrons. School libraries have collections that provide the information needed by elementary and high school students. Public libraries tailor their collections to the general public. Government library collections are geared chiefly tow
49、ard serving the needs of government officials. Thousands of special libraries provide information for professional people, such as advertising specialists, bankers, editors, engineers, lawyers, physicians, and scientists.（分数：15.00）(1).The word library originally meant _.（分数：3.00）A.freedom from ignoranceB.collections of booksC.mea
