1、职称英语理工类 B 级-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.There are some things in the class the teachers will not put up with. A. tolerate B. contribute C. resist D. prohibit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to combat global war
2、ming. A. focus on B. settle down C. fight against D. sum up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends. A. career B. holiday C. plan D. research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The temperatures are somewhat lower than the average temperature in May thi
3、s year. A. rather B. very C. a little D. less（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Without question, peoples lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades. A. Out of the question B. No doubt C. Naturally D. Obviously（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a po
4、tentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it. A. passive B. lifelong C. unhappy D. fatal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Now about half of the women who work in social welfare are part-time, as compared to 38% in the private sector. A. guarantee B. farewell C. well-off
5、 D. well-being（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight. A. soft B. sheer C. fragile D. refined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of j
6、ob opportunities. A. make use of B. catch up with C. cast light on D. get rid of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He does nothing that breaks the interests of the collective. A. runs for B. runs against C. runs over D. runs into（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is anticipated that this contract will considerably increase sa
7、les over the next three years. A. apparently B. slightly C. greatly D. steadily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.In spite of a problem with the faulty equipment, some very useful work was accomplished. A. imperfect B. temporary C. emergency D. reinstalled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Nobody can help but be fascinated by th
8、e world into which he is taken by the science fiction. A. impressed B. amused C. attracted D. puzzled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The Americans recognize that the UN can be the channel for greater diplomatic activity. A. place B. medium C. resort D. tunnel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Senator James Meeks has called of
9、f a boycott of Chicago Public Schools, organized to protest Illinois education funding system. A. reclaimed B. proposed C. indulged D. canceled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Northern LightsThe sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Suns
10、gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more ac
11、tive the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The
12、 charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles
13、 called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green
14、 and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across t
15、he sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometer
16、s above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the
17、Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!（分数：7.00）(1).The Suns gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(2).The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the at
18、tack by the solar wind.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(3).Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earths protective magnetic field in the future.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(4).The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earths atmosphere
19、at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(5).You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canad（分数：1.00）A.A. rightB. wrongC. not mentioned(6).Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every yea
20、r to watch the Northern Lights.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(7).An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. What exactly is science? B. How do you find an explanation? C. What topics do you
21、need? D. How do you answer your childs questions? E. Where does your child study science? F. How do you set up the experiment on salt and water?（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. the icebox
22、B. the ice C. scientific answers D. the experiment E. the world F. water（分数：4.00）(1).When your child asks you questions, you should give her 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).We set up experiments to test our ideas about 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).In the experiment, one end of the string was attached to 1.（分数：1.00）填
23、空项 1:_(4).The experiment shows that salt changes the behaviour of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Issue of PackageMaybe everyone has such an experience that you have to unwrap several layers of packaging when you enjoy a piece of candy. But this overuse of wrap
24、ping is not confined to luxuries. It is becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping.The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but
25、 most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatene
26、d by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles.The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a sugges
27、tion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary pack
28、aging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for wh
29、at is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.（分数：15.00）(1).“This overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries.“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) means _.（分数：3.00）A.more wrapping is needed for ordinary productsB.more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary productsC.too much wrapping is used f
30、or both luxury and ordinary productsD.the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary(2).Packaging is important to manufacturers because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is easy to use it againB.shoppers are interested in beautiful packagingC.they want to attract more shoppersD.packaged things will not go rotte
31、n(3).According to the passage, dairies are _.（分数：3.00）A.experimenting with the use of paper bottlesB.giving up the use of glass bottlesC.increasing the use of plastic bottlesD.re-using their paper containers(4).Some environmentalists think that _.（分数：3.00）A.plastic packaging should be made more conv
32、enientB.no alternative can be found to plastic packagingC.too much plastic is wastedD.shops should stop using plastic containers(5).The author thinks that _.（分数：3.00）A.packing is actually useless and could be ignoredB.people will soon stop using packaging altogetherC.enough research has been done in
33、to recyclingD.it is better to produce new materials than to re-use old ones六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Electric BackpackBackpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your b
34、ackpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in WoodsHole, Mass. have invented a backpack that makes electricity
35、 from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions search-and-rescue operations and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The
36、 backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept.9 science.The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame
37、sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in r
38、esponse to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.The backpack could be especially useful for sol
39、diers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but
40、if you do get one eventually just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!（分数：15.00）(1).Backpacks are convenient because _.（分数：3.00）A.they can be very largeB.they can hold as many things as you want to carryC.your hands are freed to do other thingsD.you do not have to carry things wit
41、h you(2).What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?（分数：3.00）A.It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B.It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C.It is small and convenient.D.It
42、 is light and easy to carry.(3).The word “springs“ in Paragraph 3 means _.（分数：3.00）A.a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earthB.the season of the year, occurring between winter and summerC.the act or an instance of jumping or leapingD.a length of metal wound around, which returns to i
43、ts original shape after being pushed(4).According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?（分数：3.00）A.To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B.To put the backpack on the market.C.To test the advantage of the backpack.D.To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.(5).What i
44、s implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!“?（分数：3.00）A.You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B.Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C.It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D.It is wise
45、of you to have such a backpack.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Invisibility RingScientists cant yet make an invisibility cloak like the one that Harry Potter uses. But, for the first time, theyve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves.When
46、a person “sees“ an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work together to organize the sesensations and reconstruct the objects original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from boun
47、cing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away.Invisibility isnt possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves a
48、re a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma rays. The wave lengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.The scientists new “invis
49、ibility device“ is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves strike the ring, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their o
