1、职称英语理工类 B 级-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in. A. extent B. number C. collection D. range（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket. A.
2、track B. trace C. spot D. point（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The manager spoke highly of such characters as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. A. virtues B. features C. properties D. characteristics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.She can speak French and German, let alone English. A. to say nothing o
3、f B. to speak nothing of C. to talk nothing of D. to tell nothing of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Please give my best wishes to your family. A. notice B. attention C. regards D. cares（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In previous times, when fresh meat was inadequate, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.
4、A. in short store B. in short provision C. in short reserve D. in short supply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A complete change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve. A. strict B. wide C. ever D. radical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to thei
5、r full ability. A. capacity B. strength C. length D. possibility（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial characteristic. A. mark B. feature C. trace D. appearance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They bought the land in order to build a new office block. A. with a purpose to B. wi
6、th a view to C. with a goal to D. with a reason to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first endeavor. A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The manager got angry just because his secret
7、ary, was ten minutes late. A. lost his mood B. lost his temper C. lost his mind D. lost his passion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong influence on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. A. motivation B. perspective C. impressio
8、n D. impact（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful articles in the market. A. batteries B. bargains C. baskets D. barrels（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The newspaper did not mention the degree of the damage caused by the fire. A. range B. leve
9、l C. extent D. quantity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)How Men Face the Fat ProblemIt is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they dont hesitate to discuss the fat problem inces
10、santly. However, women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.The a
11、ge at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30s, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. Ive watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts
12、are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them “tailored.“Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often, wives and children pla
13、y important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out, “Fat, medium or thin?“ She knows the correct answer: medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may
14、not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning (before the days meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, “Am I getting fatter?“ His wife is expected to
15、answer, “You look like you may have lost a few pounds.“And then there are the ex-husbands, a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasnt eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed d
16、own that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think hes fat?（分数：7.00）(1).Men of a certain age are always ready
17、 to talk about their fat problem.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Women of a certain age do not discuss the fat problem, especially in the presence of men.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC
18、.Not mentioned(4).The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem, yet would be displeased if their family members tell them the truth.（分数：1.00）A.Ri
19、ghtB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).My oldest brothers daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she loves him so much that she cannot bear to upset him.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat problem.（分数：1
20、.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Importance of Classroom Learning B. Television-A Rich Source of information C. Advertisements as important Messages from the Mass Media D. Various Messages One May Receive Each Day E. Media-Means to Communicate Messages F. Importa
21、nce of the Mass Media（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. sports news B. our decisions and opinions C. mass communication D. our messages E. source of information F. the mass media（分数：4.00）(1)
22、.Each day we get a lot of messages from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Television, radio and books are all important media of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).For most people television is the most important 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The mass media are important to us because they shape 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：
23、0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Human EvolutionBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortalit
24、y is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance o
25、f a baby(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide
26、 : stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences
27、between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and
28、 number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nat
29、ure. But in the past 100,000 yearseven the past 100 yearsour lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: “they look at an organic being as average looks at a ship, as
30、at something wholly beyond his comprehension. “ No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.（分数：15.00）(1).What used to be the danger in being a man ac
31、cording to the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.A lack of mates.B.A fierce competition.C.A lower survival rate.D.A defective gen(2).What does the example of India illustrate?（分数：3.00）A.Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B.Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
32、C.The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D.India is one of the countries with a very high birth rat(3).The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because _.（分数：3.00）A.life has been improved by technological advanceB.the number of female babies has been declin
33、ingC.our species has reached the highest stage of evolutionD.the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution.B.Ways of Continuing Mans Evolution.C.The Evolutionary Future of N
34、ature.D.Human Evolution Going Nowher(5).What does the last sentence mean?（分数：3.00）A.It means that we are still very far from Utopia.B.It means that our descendants look like us because of little biological change.C.it means that our descendants will not reach Utopia either.D.None of the abov六、第二篇(总题
35、数：1，分数：15.00)The American IndustryA history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any
36、competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should h
37、ave narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished i
38、n the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes.
39、For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing
40、business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How t
41、hings have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry“
42、has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government, “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, “ says Stephen Moore of th
43、e Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States./（分数：15.00）(1).The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because _.（分数：3.00
44、）A.it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB.its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC.the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsD.the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy(2).The loss of U. S. predominance in the world e
45、conomy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _.（分数：3.00）A.TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketB.semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesC.machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsD.auto industry had lost part of its domestic ma
46、rket(3).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.B.Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.C.The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.D.A long history of success may pave the way for further
47、 development.(4).The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _.（分数：3.00）A.turning of the business cycleB.restructuring of industryC.improved business managementD.success in education(5).What does “the American industry has gone on a diet“ mean?（分
48、数：3.00）A.Employees in the American industry are on a diet.B.The American industry has reduced redundant staff.C.The American industry has shrunk.D.The American industry has been made more efficient.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Houses in 18th Century North AmericaSeventeenth-century houses in colonial North
49、America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the c
