1、职称英语理工类 B 级-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The little boy was sad because he had made a big mistake. A. large B. serious C. good D. bad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.That is the only key to the question asked by the teacher. A. problem B. mistake C. result D. answer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
2、D.3.These programmes are of immense importance to the young students. A. natural B. fatal C. slight D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The new students were surprised by what they saw on campus. A. moved B. touched C. shocked D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The police gave a lot of aid during the accident.
3、A. alarm B. help C. call D. fight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The governor gave a rather determined explanation to the public. A. unclear B. firm C. short D. vague（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It is obvious that he will win the game at last. A. likely B. possibly C. clearly D. finally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The horrible news
4、 really made us sad. A. attractive B. terrible C. interesting D. serious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The manager gave us a brief introduction about this company. A. short B. detailed C. formal D. long（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.A great deal has been done to better the situation A. change B. improve C. assess D. harm（
5、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.They can put up with the poor living condition. A. bear B. accept C. support D. refuse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.After careful consideration, he decided to give up the ide a.A. mentionB. acceptC. considerD. drop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.They have the competence to take this job. A. possibility
6、 B. reality C. capacity D. probability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We can only depend on ourselves instead of others. A. stem B. rely C. develop D. deprive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I am in favor of his plan because it is reasonable. A. reiect B. accept C. choose D. support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.
7、00)2. A Sophisticated Device for Sophisticated CommunicationAs wireless communication has become more sophisticated, consumers have more and more choices of ways to communicate and organize their lives at the same time. So, what kind of device do most people want to carry in the future? A Personal D
8、igiml Assistant(PDA) that talks or a cell phone that can handle data?Theres evidence that smart cell phones are winning the hearts of consumers. There are certainly lots more cell phones in peoples hands. Sales of cell phones still outnumber those of PDAs. The simple reason for this is that users fi
9、nd wireless phones convenient and easy. Theres no special knowledge required to use them; everybody already knows how to make phone calls. To maintain their advantage, however cellphone manufacturers should continue to design their phones primarily for voice communications. Other applications need t
10、o complement voice features, not compromise them.There are a number of design criteria that cell phone manufacturers must take into consideration as they are essential to successful market appeal. Cell phone designers need to keep in mind that people buy these devices first to communicate, not to co
11、mpute, so they need to remain easy to use. Therefore, most importantly, new combination devices need to look like phones. The familiar look of cell phones also makes it easier for technophobes, who fear new gadgets, to accept devices with more complex capabilities. The average phone user prefers a s
12、imple keypad, not a stylus for writing on a screen. Small size is also valued. After all, convenience is what has made cell phones so popular in the first place.Given these criteria, however, the appeal of technology is to offer the customer innovation something new to capture their imagination. So,
13、 what are manufacturers adding to cell phones? Anything that requires a lot of typing or a large screen wont work. Word processing, spreadsheets, or even most web surfing isnt practical. Successful smart-phone applications need only to add to the convenience of phones. Making it even easier for the
14、consumer to stay in touch and be productive is the priority. As such, some useful applications could be personal information management programs, such as an address book, calendar, or a“ to-do“ list, which automatically communicate with the users homeor officebased PC. Also, phones can be programmed
15、 for access to specific Internet data and functions that the user chooses. They can offer phone directory searches and driving directions. More features might include short messaging services, e-mail, and fax.（分数：7.00）(1).More cell phones are sold than PDAs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).
16、Future cell phones will probably increase the quality of voice communications.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men love cell phones better than women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Manufacturers regard cell-phones ability to compute as their No. 1 design criterion.（分数：1.00）A.Righ
17、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Most cell phone users prefer a simple keypad and a small size for convenience.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Future cell phones will offer word processing, spreadsheets, or even most web surfing.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Cell phones will replace
18、personal computers in the long run.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soil B. Potential hazards of human contaminated soils C. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chain D. G
19、eology and health problems E. Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollution F. Long-term health effects on children（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. industrially polluted soils B. rock an
20、d soil chemistry C. naturally polluted soils D. the pathways of metals into the food chain E. the element of iodine F. the persistence of heavy metals（分数：4.00）(1).Some serious diseases are connected with deficiency of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geol
21、ogy and health due, to their knowledge on 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)A New Way to He
22、lp Predict EarthquakesScientists in the United States have developed a method that may help to predict earthquakes earlier. They say it could give people who live in deadly earthquake areas enough warning to leave before an earthquake hits.Currently, the most modem systems for predicting earthquakes
23、 find them only a short time before the event. Like most strong earthquakes, the one that hit southwestern China in May wasnot identified early enough for people to flee the area. That earthquake killed sixty-nine thousand people.But scientists who study earthquakes are reporting that new technology
24、 could measure very small changes in the Earths surface. Their report was published this month in Nature magazine.Fenglin Niu is a seismologist with Rice University in Houston, Texas. He and his team performed experiments along Californias San Andreas Fault, an area famous for its many earthquakes.T
25、he team placed highly sensitive electrical devices about one kilometer below ground in two different places. The devices were able to measure even small changes in air pressure on the Earths surface. The scientists say such changes are caused when rocks push together, forcing air out of small cracks
26、 in the rock. When this happens, seismic waves travel taster than usual through the rock.The experiment was performed near Parkfield, California. Two earthquakes hit the area in late two thousand five. The first took place on December twenty-fifth. A smaller earthquake struck five days later. The sc
27、ientists noted changes in the Earths surface about ten hours before the first quake struck. That quake measured three in intensity. They then found similar changes taking place two hours before the other quake struck five days later.The earthquake in China rated seven point nine in intensity. If add
28、itional tests confirm the changes are linked to earthquakes, the scientists believe their equipment could be used for early warning systems. A system that provides a signal ten hours before a major earthquake could help move people from the area and save lives.The scientists now hope they can find e
29、arthquakes with even greater intensity by placing their equipment deeper in the ground.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the limitation of current earthquakes predicting system?（分数：3.00）A.It predicts only a short time before event.B.It cannot tell exact location.C.It predicts only earthquakes that happened dayt
30、ime.D.It predicts only low rate earthquakes.(2).Compared to former predicting systems, what is the improvement of the new technology?（分数：3.00）A.h has more quantity of sensitive electrical devices.B.It can measure very small changes in the Earths surface.C.Require less Human Resources.D.More accurate
31、 on predicting site of earthquakes.(3).In _, the experiment was performed to test the new predicting system.（分数：3.00）A.CalifomiaB.Sichuan, ChinaC.Osaka, JapanD.San Andreas Fault(4).How do the new predicting devices work?（分数：3.00）A.By measuring the seismic waves caused by rocks pushing together.B.By
32、observing animals behaviors.C.By recording the changes of astronomical phenomenaD.Not mentioned(5).Which, of the following is not true according to this passage?（分数：3.00）A.In Parkfield, the scientists noted changes two hours before the secured quakes shuck by the new system.B.A system providing a si
33、gnal ten hours before a major quake could help move people from the area and save lives.C.The changes in air pressure on the Earths surface are caused by rocks pushing together.D.It has been confirmed that the deeper the devices can go in the ground, the greater intensity earthquakes can be founBUS
34、CCTV Predict AssaultsCCTV security systems could soon spot an assault on a bus before it happens, according to a major research project.The system, part of which has already been tested in laboratory conditions, looks for suspicious behaviour associated with crime. It would be able to send live CCTV
35、 pictures to operation rooms, from where controllers would be able to intervene.The Queens University Belfast team say the software could make a significant impact on crime on transport. Although much of the work is currently at the theoretical stage, they predict that within five years their softwa
36、re will be able to profile people as they board a bus. The system would then compare who it thinks these people are, and what they are doing, with more general data on the buss location, time of day and historic crime rates. Once it has sifted this data, it could be able to conclude whether someone
37、is about to commit an assault and send live pictures to controllers.Dr Paul Miller, head of the research project, said the 15-strong team were still developing initial databases to identify an individuals gender and body shape. However, the team say the system goes further by then looking for recogn
38、ised signs of an imminent criminal offence. These signs include someone moving seats shortly before an assault, groups closing in on a passenger sitting alone and people loitering on a double-deckers stairwell, or close to the drivers cab.The system would only alert a controller if the sum of all of
39、 these“ atomic events“ added up to the Drofile of a possible crime. “The system wont be able to say, this is an incident but it will be able to push that video stream to the top of the queue for security analysts in a control room to make a decision, “said Dr Miller.“ Ultimately, most of the events
40、will be benign, with nothing going on. Thats why you still need the human element. “Dr Miller said that laboratory tests on gender recognition, based on a database of 4,000 faces, had proved successful and the project would move into testing systems on buses over the next year. “Research shows crime
41、s happen when there is an opportunity and no chance of payback,“ he said. “If a security analyst can directly communicate with the assailant, to tell them they are being watched, it will have a marked effect on the offender. Just one example of this actually happening can have a deterrent effect on
42、the crime rate in an area. /（分数：15.00）(1).What research project is the Queens University Belfast team working on?（分数：3.00）A.Bus CCTV security systems to help spot an assault before it happens.B.New CCTV cameras.C.Bus security controller.D.Databases to identify body shap(2).What stage has the CCTV se
43、curity system reached?（分数：3.00）A.Had been used in the bus.B.Theoretical stage.C.Spot experimental.D.Not start yet.(3).How would the system work according to the Queens University Belfast team?（分数：3.00）A.It would send live CCTV pictures to operation rooms, from where controllers would be able to inte
44、rvene.B.It would report to the driver.C.It would warn passengers about the incoming assault.D.It would directly communicate with the assailant.(4).Which of the following is NOT included in the signs of all imminent criminal offence that the system will look for?（分数：3.00）A.Moving seats shortly before
45、 an assaultB.Grouping closing in on a passenger sitting aloneC.Loitering On a double-deckers stairwellD.Chatting with bus driver(5).Which of the following is NOT true about the security system according to Dr Paul Miller?（分数：3.00）A.The security system would compare who it thinks these people are and
46、 what they are doing.B.The system would only alert a controller if there is a possible crime.C.They system cannot tell this is an incident or not.D.The system will not need human element.Facebook Changes Privacy PolicyFacebook has agreed to make worldwide changes to its privacy policy as a result of
47、 negotiations with Canadas privacy commissioner.Last month the social network was found to breach Canadian law by holding on to users personal data indefinitely. Facebook has now agreed to make changes to the way it handles this information and be more transparent about what data it collects and why
48、. It will also make it clear that users carl deactivate or delete their account.As well as updating the privacy policy, Facebook has said it will make changes that will give users more control over the data they provide to third-party developers of applications, such as games and quizzes. There are
49、around 950,000 developers in 180 countries that provide applications for the site.Specifically, the changes will require applications to state which information they wish to access and obtain consent from the user before it is used or shared.“Application developers have had virtually unrestricted access to Facebook users personal information,“ said Ms S
