1、职称英语理工类 B级-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The govemment has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He was a very smart boy but he made a foolish decision this time. A. clever B. honest C. bra
2、ve D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Though he was born in America, he can speak smooth Chinese. A. perfect B. fluent C. poor D. flowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He has a very outgoing personality and it is easy for him to makes friends A. ability B. character C. reality D. attitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.We should nev
3、er satisfy ourselves with what we have learned A. convince B. content C. comfort D. benefit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.We are disappointed to find out that he has made a fatal mistake. A. crucial B. foolish C. stupid D. important（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Purchasing the new production line will be a profitable deal
4、for the company. A. beneficial B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is a pity that you have missed the most important contents. A. lost B. caught C. refused D. rejected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table A. suppli
5、ed B. gathered C. grasped D. made（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.People name this street Bill Street in honor of the famous general. A. respecting B. memorizing C. in term of D. in view of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.This article requires more attention to the problem of cultural interference A. calls for B. applies for
6、 C. cares for D. allows for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is a humorous man, especially his expression in his face. A. rationally B. obviously C. particularly D. traditionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The sports meeting was put off because of the heavy rain. A. put down B. put out C. delayed D. cancelled（分数：1.00）
7、A.B.C.D.14.He doesnt like the children who are prone to telling a lie. A. reliable B. liable C. promising D. declined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The teacher asked us to submit the reports before next Monday. A. hand in B. hand out C. hand on D. hand back（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)1. Walking
8、 Robot Carries a PersonThe first walking robot capable of carrying a person unveiled on Friday in Tokyo, Japan. Its creators at Waseda University in Tokyo and the Japanese robotics company Tmsuk hope their two-legged creation will one day enable wheel-chair users to climb up and down stairs and assi
9、st the movement of heavy goods over uneven terrain.The bakery-powered robot, code-named WL-16, is essentially an aluminium (铝) chair mounted on two sets of telescopic (套迭的, 伸缩的)poles. The poles are bolted to flat plates which act as feet. WL-16 uses 12 actuators to move forwards, backwards and sidew
10、ays while carrying an adult weighing up to 60 kilograms(130 pounds). The robot can adjust its posture and walk smoothly even if the person it is carrying shifts in the chair. At present it can only step up or down a few millimeters, but the team plans to make it capable of dealing with a normal flig
11、ht of stairs.“I believe this bipedal robot, which I prefer to call a two-legged walking chair rather than a wheel-chair, will eventually enable people to go up and down the stairs,“ said Atsuo Takanishi, from Waseda University.“We have had strong robots for some time but usually they have been manip
12、ulators, they have not been geared to carrying people around,“ says Ron Arkin, at the Georgia Institute of Technology and robotics consultant for Sony. “But I dont know how safe and how user-friendly WL-16 is.“Tmsuk chief execut, ive Yoichi Takamoto argues that bipedal or multi-legged robots will be
13、 more useful than so-called “caterpillar models“ for moving over uneven ground.WL-16s normal walking stride measures 30 centimetres, but it can stretch its legs to 136 cm apart, The prototype is currently radio-controlled, but the research team plans to equip it with a stick-like controller for the
14、user in future, Takanishi said, it will take “at least two years“ to develop the WL-16 prototype into a working model.Smaller, ground-hugging robots have been developed to pass across tricky terrain. One maggot-like device uses a magnetic fluid to pulse its way along while another snake-like robot u
15、ses smart software to devise new movement strategies if the landscape takes its toll on any one part. One ball-shaped robot even uses a leap-and-bounce approach to travel over bumpy territory. But none of these are big or strong enough to carry a person too.（分数：7.00）(1).The robot enables wheel-chair
16、 users to climb up and down stairs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The robot can carry an adult of up to 60 kilograms.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The robot is more a wheel-chair than a two-legged walking chair.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Ron Arkin thinks WL-16 i
17、s user-friendly.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The WL-16 prototype is small-sized.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Bipedal or multi-legged robots are more skillful than “caterpillar models“ on uneven ground.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Unlike WL-16, round-hugging, ma
18、ggot-like, snake-like, ball-shaped robots are not walking robots.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Study of Sound B. Highway Police C. Working Principles D. Early Use of“ Radar“ E. Useful Tools F. Discovery by Chance（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
19、2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. detect nearby objects B. determine the depth of the ocean water C. decide how fast you drive D. stop passing ships E. map the ocean floor F. observe water flow（分数：4.00）(1).Echo-sounding devices w
20、ere early used to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Ultrasonic device were used to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Police use radar on highways to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Radar helps pilots to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)Microsoft Launches Free SecurityMicrosoft has released its free computer security pac
21、kage to the public.From 29 September, Windows users will be able to download the software from Microsofts Security Essentials website.The free software gives basic protection against viruses, trojans, rootkits, and spyware. The Essentials software is Microsofts second try at making an own-brand secu
22、rity package.Prior to release a beta version of Security Essentials software, code named Morro, has been available to users in the US, China, Brazil, and Israel.Microsoft said the software would be available to anyone who wanted to use it and downloading it would not involve registering with the sof
23、tware firm or having a limit on the amount of time it could be used for.“Consumers have told us that they want the protection of real-time security software, but that they are confused by trials and renewals and concerned about performance and as a result, too many are unprotected“ said Amy Barzduka
24、s, general manager for consumer security at Microsoft in a statement.The only restriction on use is that it has to be installed on a“ genuine“ Windows PCOne whose copy of its operating system has been verified by Microsoft.In the free software market Microsoft faces competition from many others incl
25、uding AVG. Alwil Avast, Avira Antivir and Comodo.The free software runs on Windows XP, Vista and will also be available for Windows 7 when it is released in late October. Updates will be provided automatically to those who install the software.Prior to working on Security Essentials, Microsoft offer
26、ed its Windows Live One Care paid security software but this failed to win a significant user base in the highly competitive consumer market. This software was withdrawn in mid. 2009.（分数：15.00）(1)._ is NOT be protected against by the free security software.（分数：3.00）A.Trojans.B.Spyware.C.Viruses.D.Pi
27、rated softwar(2).Where has the software been available prior to release a beta version?（分数：3.00）A.Canada.B.Israel.C.German.D.Japan.(3).What is the restriction on using this Security Essentials software?（分数：3.00）A.Three-month trials.B.To install on a “genuine“ Windows PC.C. Users Windows system.D.Use
28、rs computer literacy.(4).Which of the following system is NOT compatible with this free software?（分数：3.00）A.Window XP.B.Vista.C.Windows 7.D.Unix.(5).Which of the following is true about Microsoft new free security software?（分数：3.00）A.It has no competitor in the free software market.B.Downloading it
29、would require register with the software firm.C.It can run on Windows 7 released in late September.D.Automatically updates will be provided to users.To Prevent Deaths In Hospital OperatingDoctors around the world now perform more than two hundred thirty million major operations every year. The World
30、 Health Organization says preventable injuries and deaths from medical operations are a growing concern.Experts estimate that at least one million people die every year because of complications from surgical treatments. The W. H. O. says studies suggest that about half of these problems may be preve
31、ntable. The United Nations agency hopes to reduce mistakes with a program built around a new Surgical Safety Checklist.Atul Gawande works at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts. He helped develop the Safe Surgery Saves Lives program. Doctor Gawande and other researchers stud
32、ied records from fifty-six countries.In two thousand four, surgical complications in developed countries led to death in less than one percent of cases. In developing countries, the rate was five to ten percent. Complications can happen during an operation or after. For example, an infection might d
33、evelop after an operation.More than two hundred medical societies and health ministries have joined in the effort to make surgery safer. The new list is similar to what airplane pilots use before flying.One member of the surgical team is responsible for the checklist. The first questions are asked b
34、efore the patient receives anesthesia. The very first step is to confirm the patients identity and the operation to be performed.More questions are asked before the first cut. All members of the team are supposed to identify themselves by name and job. Another step is to confirm whether the patient
35、was given antibiotic drugs within the last hour to prevent infection.The third and final part of the checklist is completed before the patient leaves the operating room. For example, surgical equipment is counted to make sure nothing unnecessary stays in the patient.At eight locations worldwide, the
36、se actions were being done only thirty-six percent of the time. But the W. H. O. says use of the list increased that to sixty-eight percent. Some hospitals reached almost one hundred percent.Early results from one thousand patients showed a drop in complications and deaths. Doctor Gawande says the c
37、hecklist has helped him in his own surgery. A final version of the list is expected by the end of the year.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the suggested effort mentioned in this passage to prevent deaths and injuries in hospital operation?（分数：3.00）A.To reduce surgical treatments.B.To build around a new Surgic
38、al Safety Checklist.C.To offer more professional training to surgical doctors.D.To launch health care reform.(2).How many steps are there for the new Surgical Safety Checklist carried out by the United Nations agency?（分数：3.00）A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Fiv(3).What is the first step of the Checklist supp
39、osed to be?（分数：3.00）A.To confirm the patients identity and the operation to be performed.B.To check the doctors name and title.C.To confirm if the patient was given antibiotic drugs.D.To check if all the necessary equipment prepare(4).What is the purpose for the third and final part?（分数：3.00）A.To ma
40、ke sure the patient feels comfortable.B.To make sure the patient has nothing belongings left behind.C.To make sure nothing unnecessary stays in the patient.D.To do it just as a routin(5).Which of the following is NOT true according to this article?（分数：3.00）A.The rate of surgical complications in dev
41、eloped countries is higher than one in developing countries.B.Half of the complications from surgical treatments may be preventable.C.The first step of checklist is performed before the patient receives anesthesia.D.A final version of the checklist is expected by the end of the year.Mars Probe Watch
42、es Water-ice FadeThe pictures acquired by a NASA orbiter(卫星) show white material exposed by flesh meteorite impacts fading over time-behaviour expected of ice on Mars. An onboard instrument also detected the tell-tale chemical signature of water.To date, exposed water-ice has only been seen at very
43、high latitudes. The US space agencys (NASA) recent Phoenix probe famously dug into water-ice at its“ high Arctic“ landing site. The implication, even with the small set of examples scientists now have, is that broad deposits of ice sit just below the red top-soil of Mars. “Theres a consistent pictur
44、e starting to emerge now that these broad sheets may be common on Mars,“ observed Shane Byme of the University of Arizona, a member of the team running the HiRISE camera on NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).“The volume of water is probably comparable to the volume that we would have in the Gre
45、enland ice sheet on the Eanh-in the buried ice deposits that stretch from each pole to mid-latitudes. “MRO has produced“ earlier“ and“ later“ images at five fresh impact sites made in 2008. These were all halfway between the North Pole and the equator on Mars.The craters (环形山, 陨石坑) were small, just
46、a few metres across, gouged out by incoming space rocks that may have been no more than 10cm in size. The bright, white deposits uncovered by the impacts were seen to wither over time, something exposed water-ice cannot help but do in the low-pressure Martian atmosphere. It is bound to sublimate-to
47、tum directly from a solid into a Vapour.However, the length of time it took to fade was a good indication that the ice was very pure. Had it contained a lot of dirt mixed in with it, the ice would have sublimated much quicker, scientists said.The discoveries made by MRO are said to indicate that Mar
48、s had a more humid climate in the relatively recent past, within the last 10,000 years. Scientists suspect much of this ice came out of the atmosphere. Water vapour in the atmosphere will diffuse through the particles of the soil until it gets to a certain depth where it then freezes.The locations o
49、f the exposed ice fit with the models used to predict where ground ice might be stable, i. e. from mid up to high latitudes.“The more humid the Martian atmosphere, the more extensive the area of this stable ice. “ explained Shane Byme. “Based on the locations of these craters, we are able to say something about how much water was in the Martian atmosphere recently, and t
