1、职称英语理工类 B 级-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article. A. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.She is the only survivor of the air crash. A. alone B. unique C. single D. sole（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.His
2、 actions do not match his words. A. respond to B. consist to C. correspond to D. accord to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. A. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The waste pipe is blocked; try sluicing it out with hot water. A. r
3、ushing B. brushing C. crushing D. flushing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.We ascribe his great success to his intelligence and persistence. A. distribute B. attribute C. contribute D. subject（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The school dining room serves as a meeting place for teachers and students. A. uses B. utilizes C. func
4、tions D. exerts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.These are their motives for doing it. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. A. tw
5、ists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The wild animals are enclosed in small cages in the zoo. A. limited B. bounded C. restricted D. confined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is determined to consolidate his power. A. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The repu
6、blication of the writers works will surely boost his reputation. A. enhance B. strengthen C. enlarge D. magnify（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.These programmes are of immense value to old people. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. A. ma
7、intain B. improve C. assess D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little
8、 child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion
9、lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its ge
10、nuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all
11、the year round, while an adult language-student had each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is not
12、hing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood a
13、nd fulfilled.Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.（分数：7.00）(1).Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native languag
14、e with ease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Adults knowledge and metal powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（分数：1.00）A.Righ
15、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（分数
16、：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professi
17、onal language teaching training he has received.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Patterns of drug abuse B. Treatment C. Drug testing in the workplace D. Classification of psychoactive drugs E. Definition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph
18、 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job B. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse C. the 1920s until the 1960s D. the 1960s until the 1970s E.
19、signals passing through the nervous system（分数：4.00）(1).Drugs that speed up 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is not always easy to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Estimates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging fro
20、m 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Physician-assisted SuicideThe Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constituti
21、onal right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect“ , a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good
22、effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctor
23、s who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. “George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate m
24、edical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery,“ he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your
25、patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide.“On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Cou
26、rts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even
27、dishonor the period of dying“ as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for
28、 assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,“ to the ext
29、ent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.“ He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension./（分数：15.00）(1).From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _.（分数：3.00）A.doctor
30、s used to increase drug dosages to control their patients painB.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide(2).Which of the following statements its true acco
31、rding to the text?（分数：3.00）A.Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients deathB.Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recoveryC.The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribedD.A doctors medication is no longer justified by his inte
32、ntions(3).According to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is _.（分数：3.00）A.prolonged medical proceduresB.inadequate treatment of painC.systematic drug abuseD.insufficient hospital care(4).Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive“ (line 3, paragraph 7 ).?（分数：3.00）
33、A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Careless.D.Desperat(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _.（分数：3.00）A.manage their patients incompetentlyB.give patients more medicine than neededC.reduce drug dosages for their patientsD.prolong the needless suffering of the patients六、第二篇(总
34、题数：1，分数：15.00)Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18thcentury statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. “ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use
35、 in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few peopl
36、e understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure th
37、at encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes. “ Asked what will happen when ep
38、idemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “ Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to
39、 make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal researc
40、h seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Resear
41、ch institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous
42、 statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.（分数：15.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.
43、（分数：3.00）A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.（分数：3.00）A.cruel but naturalB.inhuman and u
44、nacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.（分数：3.00）A.discontent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights(4).The author believes that, in face
45、 of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.（分数：3.00）A.communicate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new cures(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.（分数：3.00）A.a well-known humanistB.a medical
46、 practitionerC.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal research七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Electronic SpyingWild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinate
47、d with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espionage-spying as a “profession. “ These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution is
48、nt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,“ and as the
49、Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest
