1、职称英语理工类 B 级-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The upper atmosphere is believed to consist of a number of roughly concentric layers, which include the troposphere (?) and stratosphere (?). A. plainly B. repeatedly C. nearly D. changeably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The most prominen
2、t characteristic of handwriting is undoubtedly letter formation and slant. A. presumably B. in many cases C. surely D. without bias（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.To flame up his boss, Dick had to make up evidence. A. collect B. disclose C. invent D. generate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The government launched a massive c
3、ampaign against crimes in the big cities. A. proposed B. decided C. began D. studied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I was amazed at the beauty of the mountain when I reached to the top. A. excited B. astonished C. happy D. unpleasant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is very considerate of you to remember my birthday. A. tho
4、ughtful B. considerable C. careful D. concerned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Fond industry relies mainly on agriculture for raw material. A. depends on B. dependent on C. derives from D. derived from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.His success in work has tempted many to try this new method. A. attracted B. called C. inspir
5、ed D. implied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The football team, for the most part, were confident of winning the match. A. mostly B. partly C. only D. really（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I didnt have much confidence in my talent as a film actor. A. wisdom B. gift C. performance D. show（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.At first he didnt
6、 realize that he had succeeded. A. know B. find out C. recognize D. look into（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He made great show of reluctance, but finally accepted my offer. A. emotion B. unwillingness C. anger D. postpone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The earth moves around the sun. A. before B. round C. after D. over（分数
7、：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.She could fix the machine without referring to the instructions. A. understanding B. observing C. consulting D. obtaining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Her death was a grief to him and I doubt if he ever recovered afterwards. A. got by B. got through C. got on D. got over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2
8、 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. “I spent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives,“ Tito explained. He loved his time in space. “Being in space an
9、d looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have.“This kind of experience isnt cheap. It cost $ 20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream so he was happy. “For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didnt have any money,“ he told reporters.
10、On 30 April 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the worlds second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the age of twenty-eight he also paid $ 20 million for the eight-day trip.Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has
11、 around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesnt exist yet.Many of the customers are people who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these peo
12、ple are worried. Because its so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to more people.That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The com
13、pany promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, and a vacation in Tonga for $2 million.However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASAs deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chan
14、ces of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be able to go up, but will you come down?（分数：7.00）(1).Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the Unit
15、ed States.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Both Tito and Shuttleworth have climbed Mount Qomolangm（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(4).Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Space Adventures already ha
16、s a spaceship.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).IOS will send its tourists into space from Tong（分数：1.00）A.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned(7).Bill Readdy thinks space flight is very dangerous.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A The prediction of the model
17、B The influence on temperatureC The effect of carbon dioxideD The import of the assumptionE The import of the assumptionF The serious consequences（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A will be constan
18、tB to absorb infrared radiationC is becoming the potential problemD prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicistE increasing capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiationF escape from the earth much more easily（分数：4.00）(1).Nowadays, too much carbon dioxide_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The radiating
19、 level and the temperature of the surface must rise because of the_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises, the atmospheres relative humidity_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more
20、 molecules of carbon dioxide_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking re
21、gular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who dont. Their brain cells
22、also make more connections.Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked 1 mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen
23、 and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their
24、brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time.So, even going for a walk
25、every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for your grandparents.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people havent been studied yet. Still, it cant hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends. You might eve
26、n do better in school.Whatever you do, though, dont try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!（分数：15.00）(1).Walking regularly helps elderly people_.（分数：3.00）A.lose weightB.become happierC.concentrate betterD.look younger(2).After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mi
27、ce were found to have_.（分数：3.00）A.higher blood pressureB.faster heartbeatC.more blood flow to the brainD.better appearance(3).The first study on 41 elderly people found_.（分数：3.00）A.the less-fit participants did arrow tasks fasterB.the fitter participants did arrow tasks fasterC.the less-fit particip
28、ants gave more accurate answersD.the fitter participants gave more accurate answers(4).It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least_.（分数：3.00）A.3 minutesB.45 minutesC.30 minutesD.10 minutes(5).It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should_.（分数：3.00）A.run
29、around once a weekB.not read and walk at the same timeC.go for a walk every dayD.not hurt their friends while exercising六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Night of the Living AntsWhen an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know
30、 for sure and so soon that another ant is dead.Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants. “Im dead. Take me away.“ But theres a twist to Choes discovery. These ants are a little bit
31、like zombies (僵尸). Choe says that the living ants, not just the dead ones, have this death chemicals. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, its telling other ants that its dead.What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have t
32、wo additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, “Wait-Im not dead yet.“ So Choes research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, “Im dead,“ the other set says, “Im not dead yet.“Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when anothe
33、r ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says “Wait-Im not dead yet“ quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only th
34、e one that says “Im dead“ is left. “Its because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death,“ said Choe. When other ants detect the “dead“ chemical without the “not dead yet“ chemical, they haul
35、 away the body. This was Choes hypothesis (假设).To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae (蛹).When the scientists used the “Im dead“ chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the “Wait-Im not dead yet“ chemicals
36、, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet“ chemicals override (优先于) the “dead“ chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet“ chemicals fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead“ chemic
37、al and remove the body from the nest.（分数：15.00）(1).What is meant by “death chemical“ mentioned in paragraph 3?（分数：3.00）A.A chemical that contains poison.B.A chemical that causes death.C.A chemical that announces death.D.A chemical that prevents deat(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true o
38、f ants?（分数：3.00）A.Ants know very soon that another ant is dead.B.When an ant is dead, others move its body out of the nest.C.If an ant is unconscious, it is moved out of the nest.D.Living ants have the “Im dead“ chemical on their bodies.(3).According to Choes hypothesis,_.（分数：3.00）A.an ant still sme
39、lls like a living when it diesB.the “I am dead“ chemical leaves the ants body when it diesC.the “I am not dead yet“ chemical is left when an ant diesD.the “I am not dead yet“ chemical leaves the ants body when it dies(4).According to paragraph 7, what is the result of the test on Choes hypothesis?（分
40、数：3.00）A.It shows that his hypothesis is wrong.B.It proves that his hypothesis is convincing.C.It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising.D.Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis.(5).The passage “Night of the Living Ants“ tells us about_.（分数：3.00）A.how an ant is moved out o
41、f the nest at nighB.what an ant does at nightC.how an ant finds its way in darknessD.what happens when an ant dies七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Silence PleaseIf there is one group of workers across the Western world who will be glad that Christmas is over, that group is shop workers.It is not that they like
42、to complain. They realize that they are going to be rushed off their feet at Christmas. They know that their employers need happy customers to make their profits that pay their wages. But there is one thing about working in a shop over Christmas that is too bad to tolerate.That thing is music. These
43、 days, all shops and many offices have what is known as “Piped music“ or “muzak“ playing for all the hours that they are open. Muzak has an odd history. During the 1940s, music was played to cows as part of a scientific experiment. It was found that cows which listened to simple, happy music produce
44、d more milk. Perhaps workers and customers who listened to simple, happy music would be snore productive and spend more money.In fact, nobody knows what effect playing muzak in shops has on profits. It is simply something that everybody does. But we are learning more about the effect of constantly r
45、epeated hearings of songs on the people who have to hear them all the time.Research shows that repeated hearings of complex pieces of music bring greater enjoyment before becoming tiresome. And that point come much sooner with simple songs.“Thats especially the case with tunes that are already famil
46、iar. Once that tipping point is reached, repeated listening become unpleasant,“ says Professor John Sloboda of UKs Keele Universitys music psychology group. “And the less control you have over what you hear, the less you like it.“Thats why police forces in the US often try and resolve hostage situat
47、ions by playing pop songs over and over again at high volume. Eventually, it becomes too much for the criminals to stand and they give up.The problem gets particularly bad at Christmas, when the muzak consists entirely of the same few festive tunes played over and over again. What makes it worse for
48、 the shop workers is that they already know these tunes. They get bored very quickly. Then they get irritated. Then they get angry.Shop workers in Austria recently threatened to go on strike for the right to silence. “Shop workers cant escape the Christmas muzak. They feel as if they are terrorized all day, especially Jingle Bells. It arouses aggressive feelings,“ said Gottfried Rieser, of the Austrian shop workers union.It is not just shop workers who complain. A survey this year by UK recruitment website R found that Christmas is not only the most testing time
