1、职称英语理工类 B 级-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.This is a subject that has now moved into the political domain.（分数：1.00）A.extentB.zoneC.areaD.competition2.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.shakenB.fallenC.damagedD.trembled3.He was a very cut
2、e boy but now he seems to have no interest in anything.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.honestC.braveD.dull4.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.（分数：1.00）A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger5.He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.openC.showD.examine6.She
3、tried to probe my mind and discover what I was thinking.（分数：1.00）A.solvedB.exploredC.involvedD.exploded7.The river was contaminated with waste.（分数：1.00）A.blackenedB.pollutedC.widenedD.mixed8.Data from Voyager II have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists.（分数：1.00）
4、A.problemB.mysteryC.questionD.point9.It is said the houses aidng this street will soon be demolishe（分数：1.00）A.pulled downB.pulled upC.pulled offD.pulled in10.Thick clouds obscured the stars from view.（分数：1.00）A.darkenedB.heldC.blackenedD.prevent11.She is noted for her generous contribution for the r
5、elief of the poor.（分数：1.00）A.chargedB.accusedC.famousD.responsible12.After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour.（分数：1.00）A.walkB.restC.bathD.breath13.The film originated from a short story.（分数：1.00）A.resultedB.derivedC.heardD.made14.The parents? have to restrain their da
6、ughter from running out into the street.（分数：1.00）A.disallowB.reduceC.preventD.confine15.You startled me when you shouted.（分数：1.00）A.threatenedB.frightenedC.interruptedD.troubled二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Ma
7、gaplane (巨型飞机)The Boeing Corp. and Europes Airbus consortium (财团) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the worlds airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broken down, Boeing is pushing a stretched (拓展的) version of 747, and Airbus is designing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3XX.Sea
8、ting 550 passengers in the basic model, and 650 in a stretched version, the 1. 2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world, but it will also be one of the most advanceD. The outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer (as big as a smaller jets wing) will be made of carbon-f
9、iber composite materials, and will be the largest? such structures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber (隐形轰炸机). Metal skins will be welded (焊接) together with lasers, removing thousands of fasteners.When a strong wind strikes the A3XXs 260-foot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it
10、 from flexing (扭曲) like a giant spring. This will make the ride smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars (翼梁). A flexible-skinned flap (副翼) will subtly change the wings curvature (曲面) to match the airplanes changing weight as it burns fuel on each journey.The A3XX will ca
11、rry up to 1,600 meals, filling more than 100 food and beverage (饮料) carts. To make more room for passengers, Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold; automatic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decks. Airlines have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging f
12、rom lower-deck sleeper cabins to a childrens playroom.Airbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998, and deliver the first aircraft in 2003.（分数：7.00）(1).The basic model of A3XX can carry more than 500 passengers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).A3XX will fly faster while c
13、onsuming less oil.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).A3XX will be bigger than the B-2 stealth bomber.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).No fasteners will be used in building A3XX because all components will be welded together.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. No
14、t mentioned(5).The wing of A3XX will not be spoiled when it is stricken by a strong wind because its surface are designed to be movable.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Airbus plans to build a mini-restaurant in the lower hold of A3XX.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not menti
15、oned(7).The first A3XX will be available in 2003.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 36 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Face Masks May not Protect from Super-fluIf a super-flu strikes, fac
16、e masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certai
17、n situations anyway, just in case.But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere, “ said the C
18、DC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. “When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre sick and think you may
19、 have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.Influenza (流行性感冒) pandemics (全国流行的) can strike (打击) when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain
20、 that people never have experience D. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid c
21、lose contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why cant mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets (小滴). Besides, the CDC is afraid? mas
22、ks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting (不合的) mask and hop on the subway instead.Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that
23、 spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These
24、 are the problems face masks may create for their users.Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.A. Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection ListB.
25、 Effort to Stop Flu SpreadingC. When to Use Face MasksD. Guidelines on Mask UseE. Warnings from the CDCF. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. o
26、veruse face masksB. deal with the mask problem seriouslyC. rub their faces and noses in the subwayD. protest against the mask guidelinesE. help protect people from being attacked by a fluF. announce the results of their mask research（分数：4.00）(1).The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or
27、may not _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The CDC is afraid that the public may? _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).We can infer from the passage that the US authorities _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5
28、 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BThe Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this: “No Wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. “ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, dete
29、rmine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the Children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. “Ho
30、w can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories (卡路里) a day. Afte
31、r more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45 kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or break
32、ing their diet. They were anxious and depressed (沮丧的) ; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling (类似) that of starved non-obese people.Thin people, however, suffer
33、from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study en
34、ded, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings a
35、lso provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9 kg. Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or
36、full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.（分数：15.00）(1).What determines your weight?（分数：3.00）A.Your working manner.B.Your eating habit.C.Your life style.D.Your genes.(2).What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?（分数：3.00）A.He let the eight fat people skip supper.B.He
37、 let the eight fat people skip breakfast.C.He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.D.He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.(3).What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?（分数：3.00）A.They went mad.B.They killed themselves.C
38、.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide(4).What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?（分数：3.00）A.Battle their genetic inheritance.B.Increase their weight.C.Stay at home.D.Lower their weight.(5).What did scientists think was true?（分数：3.00）A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each
39、person has a weight range of 9 kg.C.Each person wants to control his weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his hearts content.B第二篇/BBlack Holes Trigger Stars Self-destructionScientists have long understood that super massive (大块的) black holes weighing. Millions or billions of suns can tear apart star
40、s that come too close. The black holes gravity (地心引力) pulls harder on the neatest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard (冒险) facing the star. The strain of these
41、unbalanced forces can also trigger (触发) a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life, as it ve
42、ered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets Close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apa
43、rt (扯开). But other studies had suggested that the picture would he complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that not nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included;
44、 the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,“ Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the starts matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurt much of
45、 the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it
46、 does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted (使分裂) near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disrupt
47、ion of that star immediately if it gets hot enough. “Brassart aggress. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied , “he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Almos, New Mexico, US, says the d
48、eaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case they exploded in the process.（分数：15.00）(1).Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the pas
49、sage?（分数：3.00）A.The black hole could tear apart the star.B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D.The black hole could devour the star.(2).According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of（分数：3.00）A.whether nuclear reaction would occ
