1、职称英语理工类 B 级-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.（分数：1.00）A.longB.never endingC.boringD.extensive2.His sole motive was to make her happy.（分数：1.00）A.aimB.argumentC.capabilityD.pursuit3.The book made a great impact on its reade
2、rs.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power4.Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event5.These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated.（分数：1.00）A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely6.He could not tolerate the extremes o
3、f heat in the desert.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.hateC.likeD.criticize7.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different8.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.（分数：1.00）A.largeB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic9.She could not answer, it was an imm
4、ense load off her heart.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous10.If I made a mistake, I will try to remedy it.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.correct11.A crowd gathered to see what had happened.（分数：1.00）A.collectedB.fixedC.dividedD.assist12.We derive information mainly from the Internet.
5、（分数：1.00）A.depriveB.obtainC.descendD.trace13.The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior14.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.（分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell15.She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirer
6、s.（分数：1.00）A.in a wayB.in due courseC.in the endD.in any case二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Irradiating FoodIrradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the
7、 Food and Drug Administration over the past decade. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are a
8、fraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standard and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food
9、 is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in
10、the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently, the F
11、DA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation - gamma rays (伽马射线), high-energy electrons, and X rays - and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill mo
12、st harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.（分数：7.00）(1).Killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is completely approved by the US government.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wro
13、ng C.C. Not mentioned(2).A great many food processors produce irritated foods.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Many consumers suspect the safety of irradiated foods and suggest the government inspect them severely.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Some companie
14、s foresee the bankruptcy of food processing factories.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Irradiated fruits and vegetables do not need to be labelled.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without
15、labeling it.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).According to the passage, FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选
16、项中为第 36 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy da
17、y it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through sp
18、ace.3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of
19、infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requi
20、rements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in med
21、icine to reveal broken bones.4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric gene
22、rators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments
23、 with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. C
24、ompared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of
25、 power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.A. Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyB. The Most Important Source of EnergyC. Types of Electromagnetic Ene
26、rgyD. X-rays Are Used to Detect and Treat Cancer.E. Seeking New Sources of EnergyF. Nuclear Energy is Beginning to Compete with Coal（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. electromagnetic energyB.
27、 electromagnetic energy travels through spaceC. came from the sunD. when a change in the nucleus of an atom takes placeE. when the sunrays are fierceF. chemical energy is generated（分数：4.00）(1).Visible light that produce warmth is an example of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).We can use energy from the sun bec
28、ause _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The energy stored in coal _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4)._ when electron rearrangement takes place.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BElectronic TeachingThe potential of closed-circuit television and other new electroni
29、c teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize “the school of tomorrow“Televised lessons will originate from a central building having perhaps four or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.After a televised lesso
30、n has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for the all-important “follow-up“ period. The students will ask any troublesome questions, and difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teachers desk, the t
31、raditional chalk and erasers will have been replaced by a multiple-control panel and magnetic tape player. The tape machines will run pre-recorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones. The lessons will be specifically geared to the students levels of ability. For instance, while the class
32、as a whole studies history, each student will receive an individual history lesson, directed to his particular level of ability.Should question arise, the students will be able to talk directly to the teacher on individual “intercoms“ without disturbing the rest of the class. In this way, the teache
33、r will be able to conduct as many as three classes at the same time.With the rapid development of computer science, students will be aided with specially prepared multimedia software to study their subjects better. Homework will possibly be assigned and handed in via electronic mail system. Students
34、 can even take examinations on their computer linked with the teachers and get the score instantly. They will get certificates or diplomas if they pass all the required examinations. Experts believe that this type of education will be very popular in the years ahead.（分数：15.00）(1).In paragraph one, w
35、hat does “the school of tomorrow“ mean?（分数：3.00）A.The school with a central building.B.The school with four or five master studios.C.The school with television.D.The school with televised lessons and electronic teaching tools.(2).After a televised lesson, which will not happen?（分数：3.00）A.The classro
36、om teacher will take over for the all-important “follow-up“ period.B.The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.C.The students will ask any troublesome questions.D.Difficult points will be cleared up through discussion.(3).In the following statements, whic
37、h one will not happen in the televised lesson?（分数：3.00）A.The teacher will still have to play an important role.B.The chalk and erasers will still be used.C.Each student will receive an individual lesson.D.The lessons will be specifically geared to the students levels of ability.(4).What kind of less
38、ons will the students have?（分数：3.00）A.The same lessons.B.Individual lessons according to their ability levels.C.Individual lessons according to the teachers instruction.D.Individual lessons according to their parents instruction.(5).According to the last paragraph, which one is true?（分数：3.00）A.Homew
39、ork will be handed in via electronic mail system.B.Homework will be not be assigned.C.Students never take examinations.D.Students get the score after a long time.B第二篇/BListening Device Provides Landslide(山崩；地滑；塌方)Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibratio
40、ns (振动)in soil is being tested by UK researchers. The device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated(疏散，撤走), the scientists say. Such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall(降雨，降雨量), and can also be triggered by ear
41、thquakes and even water erosion(腐蚀，侵蚀).Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move, but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement, “slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes, “ says Nell Dixon at Southborough Univers
42、ity, UK. He says a warning system that monitors this movement “might be enough to evacuate a block of fiats or clear a road, and save lives. “The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent (即将发生的) landslide is to watch for changes in its shape. Surveyors can do this by measuring asi
43、de directly, or sensors(传感器) sunk into boreholes(钻孔，井眼)or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope. Slopes can, however, change shape without triggering a landslide, so either method is prone to causing false alarms. Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the v
44、ibrations caused when particles begin moving within a slope.The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a borehole in a slope. The borehole is filled in with gravel(砾，沙砾，砾石)around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope. These vibrations
45、 pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface. Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment(堤岸)in Newcastle, UK. Early results suggest it should provide fewer
46、 false positives than existing systems. Once it has been carefully and thoroughly tested, the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes.“Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this, “ says Adam Poulter, a
47、n expert at the British Red Cross. “As long as it doesnt cost too much, “ But, Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not he enough on its own. “You need to have the human communication, “ he says. “Making systems that get warnings to those who need them can be difficult. “（分数：15.00）(1).What
48、does “Such natural disasters“ in the first paragraph refer to?（分数：3.00）A.Sudden, heavy rainfall.B.Earthquakes.C.Water erosion.D.Landslides.(2).Which of the following statements is true of landslides?（分数：3.00）A.The initial movement is hard to spot.B.They start with a movement of a few particles of so
49、il or rock.C.They can be destructive in a matter of hours or minutes.D.All of the above.(3).Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?（分数：3.00）A.Because the new device can measure the site directly.B.Because the new device can be sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground.C.Because the common methods can cause false alarms.D.Because t
