1、职称英语理工类 B 类-阅读理解专项突破及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：12，分数：100.00)Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum (石油) provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least
2、 efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel (矿物燃料). Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. Less-polluting re
3、newable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. “Renewable“ refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced.Hydroelectric (水力发电的) power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Th
4、ree Gorges Dam is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines (涡轮机) will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand.In 2003, the first commercial power station to use tidal (潮汐的) currents
5、in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill (风车), but others take the form of turbines.As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generationquadrupling (翻两番) worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate ele
6、ctricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally harmlessthey can
7、 interfere with radar, alter climate and kill sea birds. Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.（分数：10.00）(1).
8、According to the passage, which of the following is the most polluting energy resource?APetroleum. BCoal.CNatural gas. DWater.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Chinas Three Gorges DamAis the first hydroelectric dam in the world.Bis of the same size as the USs Hoover Dam.Ccan generate around 3% of world electrici
9、ty.Dis the largest hydroelectric dam in the world.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which country took the lead in making use of tidal currents to produce power in 2003?AThe UK. BChina.CNorway. DThe us.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).One of the problems with wind farms is thatAthere is not enough wind.Bwind is not reliable
10、.Cthey can only be built on the sea.Dthey might influence the world economy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, resources like wind areArenewable. Brecyclable.Cdamaging. Dscarce.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Hurricane (飓风) KatrinaAhurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating (旋转的) form of tropical storm
11、 that can be 124 to 1, 240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime,
12、one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster (聚焦) of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27 and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirem
13、ents are met between June and November in the northern part of the world.Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate (蒸发) and condense (冷凝) into clouds and rain-releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.Whe
14、n the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moist air from the sea surface in a process that strengthens the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean su
15、rface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions, or low air pressure. Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a
16、devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake (尾迹)almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have become homeless in a humanitarian (人道主义的) crisis of a scale not seen in the US sinc
17、e the Great Depression. The cost of the damage may top $100 billion.（分数：10.00）(1).The eye of a hurricane refers to itsAlower part. Brotating part.Ccalm central part. Dmost violent part.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT a “requirement“ for the formation of a hurricane?ACalm surroundi
18、ng atmosphere.BHigh air pressure.CWarm sea-surface temperature.DA group of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When the warm air from the sea surface begins to rise, itAcreates an area of low pressure.Bsupplies cold air to the eye of a hurricane.Cincreases the sea-surface te
19、mperature.Dstrengthens the rotation of the earth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “impact“ (paragraph 5) could be best replaced byA“function“. B“pressure“.C“disaster“. D“effect“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?AThe area affect
20、ed is almost as big as the UK.BIt has left a disaster zone of 90, 000 square miles.COver half a million people have beenforced to leave their homes.DThis crisis is more serious than that of the Great Depression.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Trying to Find a PartnerOne of the most striking findings of a recent po
21、ll in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we
22、making it harder for ourselves?It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesnt expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his child
23、ren.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soulmate (心上人) was constrained
24、 (限制) by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never explicit, many marriages were essentially arranged.Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster (牡蛎)
25、, you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint, the tyranny of choice.The expectations of partners are inflated (提高) to an unmanageable degree, good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother and right so
26、cks. There is no room for error in the first impression.We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isnt, it is disposable. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and dont put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Of course, this is complicated by r
27、ealities. The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the recent poll show?AIt is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.BIt is getting increasingly difficult to start a family.CIt is gett
28、ing more difficult for a man to find his wife.DIt is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?AThe wife doesnt have to raise the children all by herself.BThe husband
29、 doesnt have to support the family all by himself.CThe wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.DThey will receive a large sum of money from the government.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following was NOT a constraint on ones choice of soulmate in the old days?AThe health conditi
30、on of his or her grandmother.BThe geographical environment.CThe social convention.DThe family tradition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?AGood looks.BAn impressive career.CA high salary.DA fine sense of humor.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The
31、word “sustain“ (paragraph 2) could be best replaced byA“reduce“. B“shake“.C“maintain“. D“weaken“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.TapeStore: ANew Tape Storage SystemTapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6,000 computer tapes. No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes
32、 as TapeStore. The tapes look exactly like video cassettes. Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each tape, up to a maximum of 500 million bytes (字节) of data. If you stored the same amount of information on paper, you would need nearly 4.5 billion printed pages.The machine is a tall black bo
33、x with a mechanical arm. The machine is 2.5 metres high and 3.0 metres wide. This is how it works. Each tape has a code printed on it. You feed the code number into TapeStore, which then looks for the code. As soon as TapeStore locates the code, the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.The system i
34、s very fast. It takes the mechanical arm about 10 seconds to find the tape it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract (提取) the required file, and this takes less than a minute. Ahuman technician would have to locate and remove the tape by hand, and could take at least an hour t
35、o find the right file on the tape.Some of the worlds biggest companies, including banks, insurance companies, airlines, telephone companies, utilities and computer centres, have bought the system. They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data.TapeStore was origin
36、ally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide. In Europe alone, 750 have already been installed at a cost of 480,000 dollars each.（分数：10.00）(1).TapeStore is better than any other storage system becauseAit can store more video cassettes.Bit is extremely small.Cit stores more tapes.Dit
37、stores data files on the same tape.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The mechanical arm finds a tape byArecording the file name on the tape.Bidentifying the printed code on the tape.Clooking for its file name.Dsearching for the tape number.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The TapeStore system is popular among big companies
38、mainly becauseAit costs less than a skilled worker.Bit looks impressive.Cthe information it stores is valuable.Dit ensures the safety of their data.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements about TapeStore is NOT true?AIt can store a large amount of information.BIt is very cheap.CIt is
39、very fast.DIt is secure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “marketed“ in the last paragraph can be replaced byAinstalled. Bused.Cpromoted. Ddesigned.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The Cherokee NationLong before the white man came to America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees
40、 lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing were to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began
41、 by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossiblethere were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using his own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly ea
42、sy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their
43、lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint (在枪口的威胁下) into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children
44、 went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the
45、 roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.（分数：10.00）(1).The Cherokees used to liveAby the roadside. Bin the southeastern part of the U.S.Cbeyond the Mississippi River. Din the western territory.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2
46、).Which of the following statements about Sequoyah is NOT true?AHe was imaginative.BHe was an Indian.CHe was a white man.DHe wrote down the spoken Cherokee language.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Alaw was passed in 1830 toAallow the Cherokees to stay where they were.Bstop the Cherokees using their own languag
47、e.Cforce the Cherokees to move westward.Dforbid the Cherokees to print their own newspaper.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Cherokees went to their new landsAin carts. Bon horseback.Con foot. Dall of the above.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “exhausted“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced byA“worn ou
48、t“. B“ended up“.C“run out“. D“finished up“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. A report says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into diff
49、iculties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguards pager (呼机). In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.Pos
