1、职称英语理工类 A 级真题 2011 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The sea turtles natural habitat has been considerably reduced. A. suddenly B. generally C. slightly D. greatly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do. A. doubting B. thinking C. s
2、aying D. knowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. A. instructing B. pushing C. notifying D. inviting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. A. maintained B. recommended C. considered D. acknowledged（分数：1.00）A.B
3、.C.D.5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest. A. caused B. ignored C. organized D. received（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children. A. reported B. praised C. proved D. caught（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.At that time, we did not fully grasp the sign
4、ificance of what had happened. A. give B. attach C. lose D. understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage. A. turning B. jumping C. shaking D. shouting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.it is possible to approach the problem in a different way. A. handle B. raise C. pose D. experience
5、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. A. spend B. stand C. take D. last（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A. relative B. continuous C. general D. sharp（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.I wanted to as
6、k her out but was scared that she might refuse. A. afraid B. anxious C. sure D. sad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.She always finds fault with everything. A. simplifies B. evaluates C. criticizes D. examines（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A. happy B. alone C. busy D. ener
7、getic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular. A. obvious B. major C. unclear D. minor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Earth Rocks onMost of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. Thats comforting. But its also misleading because t
8、heres actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates)slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was
9、hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust (地壳), eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. Theyve found new evidence suggesting that Earths crust started shifting at
10、 least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, melted state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planets
11、hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface.In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal (上地壳) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of th
12、e seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused t
13、he seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma (岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today.That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part
14、 of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.（分数：7.00）(1).The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Earth cooled
15、down shortly after it was formed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists once estimated that Earths crust started shifting three billion years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).
16、The formation of the lsua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The lsua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Features and applications
17、 B. Display and data connection C. Online stores D. Differences from iPhone E. Business usage F. Operating system（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. distributed B. personalized C. modified D.
18、 increased E. browsed F. released（分数：4.00）(1).In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).iPad applications enable the owners email accounts to be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).iPad usage in offices enable
19、s employee productivity to be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Calculating CrimeWhen you think about math, you probably dont think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathemati
20、cal tools to help police find criminals.People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal the identity of the criminal. Its long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live. simply because its easier to get around in ones own neighborhood. If pol
21、ice see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.But Mike OLeary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this
22、 kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offenders home base by combining these patterns with a citys layout and historical crime records.The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets-that is, the ki
23、nd of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections(十字路口) are. OLeary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city
24、. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminals patterns change with age. (Its been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime. )Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O
25、Learys uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. OLeary says that criminology-the study of crime and criminals contains a lot of good math problems.
26、“I feel like Im in a gold mine and Im the only one. who knows what gold looks like.“ he says. “Its a lot of fun. /（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about math is true?（分数：3.00）A.It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.B.Few people associate it with finding crimin
27、als.C.Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.D.it has long been employed in solving crimes.(2).People tend to think there is a relationship between（分数：3.00）A.the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.B.the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.C.the pattern of a crime
28、and the equipment of the criminal.D.the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.(3).OLeary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.the records of past crimes.B.the locations of police bureaus.C.the people living in the city.D.the change of a crimi
29、nals patterns with ag(4).OLearys program is different from other similar software in that（分数：3.00）A.it is inexpensive.B.it is more user-friendly.C.it uses more math.D.it is available all over the worl(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that OLeary（分数：3.00）A.will develop programs for other
30、 governmental departments.B.is going to use math in looking for gold.C.thinks its interesting to learn math.D.will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some People Do Not Taste Salt like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, accordi
31、ng, to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized (大力宣传的) efforts to reduce the salt content
32、 in food have left many people struggling to accept food that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food comp
33、anies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple o
34、ccasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt. Howe
35、ver, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food, “ said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as
36、their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. “However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors fr
37、om fermented (发酵地) milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt, “ he said. “A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced. “Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, show
38、ing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity(敏锐) exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.（分数：15.00）(1).John Hayes pointed out that（分数：3.00）A.food with less salt tas
39、tes better.B.many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.C.many people never eat low-salt food.D.it is good to health to eat food without salt.(2).The fourth paragraph briefly describes（分数：3.00）A.how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.B.why the number of subjects was limi
40、ted to 87.C.why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.D.how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the researc(3).It is true that（分数：3.00）A.nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.B.nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.C.supertaste
41、rs like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.D.supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.(4).Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because（分数：3.00）A.it is good to health.B.it is rich in nutrition.C.it has intense bitter tastes.D.it tastes less bitte
42、r.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is（分数：3.00）A.identified with certain chemicals.B.developed over time after birth.C.related to ones eye and hair color.D.genetically determine七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell
43、phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the wo
44、rld in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publ
45、icity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanni
46、ng(扫描)equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, fo
47、r a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree th
48、at there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mo
49、bile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.（分数：15.00）(1).People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that（分数：3.00）A.theyre popular.B.theyre useful.C.the
