1、职称英语理工类 A 级真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer；its driving me mad（分数：1.00）A.measureB.generateC.tolerateD.reduce2.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone（分数：1.00）A.equalB
2、.moderateC.immediateD.great3.He Was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school（分数：1.00）A.badB.brightC.unclearD.general4.I want to provide my boys with a decent education（分数：1.00）A.goodB.specialC.privateD.general5.Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people（分数：1.00）A
3、.dangerB.caseC.pictureD.evidence6.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil（分数：1.00）A.doubtB.reliefC.confusionD.failure7.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment（分数：1.00）A.angerB.doubtC.loveD.surprise8.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day（分数：1.00）A.phy
4、sicalB.energeticC.regularD.free9.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues（分数：1.00）A.longB.boringC.originalD.humorous10.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth（分数：1.00）A.spendB.requireC.encourageD.attract11.He demolished my argument in minutes（分数：1.00）A.disp
5、utedB.acceptedC.disprovedD.supported12.12 The two banks have announced plans to merge next year（分数：1.00）A.combineB.closeC.breakD.sell13.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners（分数：1.00）A.politeB.similarC.usualD.bad14.The project required ten years of diligent research（分数：1.00）A.hardworkingB.
6、basicC.socialD.scientific15.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.necessaryC.normalD.terrible二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar PowerEnergy
7、 beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016But some major challenges will have to be ove
8、rcome if the technology is to be used widely A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosyn
9、chronous(与地球同步的)orbitEarth-based solar ceils，by contrast，can only collect sunlight during daytime and when skies are clear But spacebased solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana“
10、If youre talking about it being economically viable for power of the Earth，its a tough go，”he says Cal Boerman，Solarens director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down“We knew we had to come up with a different，revolutionary design，” he s
11、aysA patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the systems weight，including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy But using mirrors introduces other challenges，including keeping the solar cells from overheating，s
12、ays Schwartz“You have to take care of heat dissipation(散发)because youre now concentrating a lot of energy in one place，”he saysAccording to the companys patent，Solarens solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based
13、solar power work，it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energyLaws in California and other states require increasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out“To meet those needs，were going to need all types of renewable energy sources，”he says （分数：7.00）(1).Solar-power
14、 satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear（分数：1.00）A.ARig
15、ht B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).One advantage of the space-based solar power system is that it is economical（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Inflatable mirrors are used to reduce the weight of the space-based solar power system（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).Space-based
16、solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).Many countries will grant permission for the use of space-based solar power soon（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所
17、给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。 Natural Gas1Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surfaceIt is a fossil fuel(矿物燃 料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years agoThe main component of natural
18、gas is methane(甲烷) 2The popularity，and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas s
19、ervice is available in all 50 states in the US，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries More than 65 million American homes use natural gasIn fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricityIn addition to
20、heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and furnishingsNatural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plant
21、s 3Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels availableIt emits(发出)less pollution than other fossil fuel sourcesWhen natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans breatheCompared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas
22、emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all 4The United States consumes about one-third of the worlds natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the worldThe USDepartment of Energys Energy I
23、nformation Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025 5There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surfaceThe largest reserves of natural gas Can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG(液化天然气)has been produced dome
24、stically and imposed in the United States for more than four decadesToday，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain AClean fuel of choice BNatural gas prices CNatural gas consumption DPopularity and use of natural gas EDisadvantages of natural gas FNatural gas reserves and supply
25、（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Aover the past 50 years Bbeneath the earths surface Cby more than 50 percent Dfor more than four decades Eas a raw material Ffor home energy needs（分数：4.00）(1).Natu
26、ral gas is stored deep_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).When manufacturing many different products，people commonly use natural gas_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United States will i
27、ncrease_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BHow the First Stars in the Universe Came into ExistenceResearchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸)about 13 billion years ago，and that soon after that event，matter began
28、to form as small dust grains and gasesHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence The composition of the early
29、universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simplerDrNaoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the USincorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the“cosmic dark ages，”to simulate the formation of
30、 an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar(原恒星)-the early stage of a massive primordial(原始的)star of our universe-and the researcherscomputer simulation sets the bar for further investigation in
31、to the star formation processThe question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the myster
32、ious“dark matter”of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sunThe simulation reveals how pre-stellar(前恒星的) gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar
33、DrYoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing(合成)heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the
34、ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universeMore powerful computers，more physical data，and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researcher
35、s hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation-when a stellar(星球的)object be comes a true star （分数：15.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe（分数：3.00）A.was governed by simpler physicsB.got fewer stars shinning in itC.started over 13 bil
36、lion years agoD.was composed in a way similar to that of today(2).What does the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?（分数：3.00）A.How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years agoB.How“cosmic dark ages”came into existenceC.How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big BangD.How
37、the first stars came into being after the Big Bang(3).The phrase“an astronomical object”in paragraph 2 refers to（分数：3.00）A.cosmic dark agesB.dust and gasC.a protostarD.the early universe(4).According to paragraph 4，which of the following is NOT true about a protostar?（分数：3.00）A.It developed into a m
38、assive star during the Big BangB.It evolved from pre-stellar gasesC.It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive starD.It had a mass of one percent of the sun(5).According to the last paragraph，all of the following are the goals of the simulation project EX CEPT（分数：3.00）A.to
39、know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universeB.to simulate the process of how the early universe beganC.to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiationD.to discover the truth about the formation of a protostarB第二篇/BThe IcemanOn a September day in 1991
40、two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the iceAt that height(10,499 feet， or 3,200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than usual and
41、 so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the headThere was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leathe
42、r and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several
43、 soldiers had already been found in the areaA Swiss woman believed it might be her father who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With moder
44、n dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountainsMore recent evidence，how ever，tells a differe
45、nt storyA new kind of X-ray shows all arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleedingHe almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his headThis means that he was probably in some kind of a battleIt
46、may have been part of a larger war，or he may have been fighting banditsHe may even have been a bandit himself By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inWe may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us
47、important clues to the history of those distant times （分数：15.00）(1).The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because（分数：3.00）A.two Germans were climbing the mountainsB.the melted ice made him visibleC.he was lying on the iceD.he was just on a mountain pass(2).What can be inferred fro
48、m paragraph 2?（分数：3.00）A.The Iceman was killed while workingB.The Iceman could have died from the wound in the headC.The Iceman lived a poor lifeD.The Iceman was struck dead from behind(3).All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.he was a soldier in World War IB.he was a Swiss womans long-lost fatherC.he was born about a thousand years agoD.he came from Italy(4).The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman（分数：3.00）A.was probably in
