1、职称英语理工类 A 级真题 2009 年及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Why cant you stop your eternal complaining?（分数：1.00）A.longB.everlastingC.temporaryD.boring2.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.damagedB.shakenC.fallenD.jumped3.These paintings are considere
2、d by many to be authentic.（分数：1.00）A.faithfulB.royalC.sincereD.genuine4.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.simplicityB.attractionC.powerD.rigor5.Ten years after the event,her death still remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.mistB.fogC.secretD.mystery6.John was irritated
3、 by the necessity for polite conversation.（分数：1.00）A.troubledB.annoyedC.threatenedD.aroused7.Academic records cannot be duplicated.（分数：1.00）A.borrowedB.purchasedC.copiedD.rewritten8.The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.fastenedC.raisedD.i
4、nitiated9.We have Uample/U money for the journey.（分数：1.00）A.someB.littleC.enoughD.extra10.The doctors pills worked marvels for me.（分数：1.00）A.miraclesB.patientsC.illnessD.recovery11.Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad.（分数：1.00）A.endlessB.monotonousC.seriousD.bitter12.It was hard to say why th
5、e man deserved such shabby treatment.（分数：1.00）A.oldB.unforgettableC.unfairD.funny13.You didnt adhere to these principles.（分数：1.00）A.orderB.followC.proveD.handle14.The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land.（分数：1.00）A.emptyB.hairlessC.smoothD.bare15.Anyone who wants to apply f
6、or a loan need read the following Uspecifications/U.（分数：1.00）A.expressionsB.warningsC.advertisementsD.instructions二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BWater - the Issue of This Century/BThe world is running short
7、of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and thirstier(渴的), with the result that fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce(缺乏). Half the worlds wetlands have disappeared during the last century, while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years.The World Bank repor
8、t estimates that as much as half of the worlds population,concentrated in Aflica. the Middle East and south Asia, will face “severe water shortages“ by 2025. Local water conflicts and the IOSS of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some regions.A similar picture emerges from the globes salt water
9、regions. Three-quarters of the worlds people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025, putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries(渔业)are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits,and half the worlds coral reefs(珊瑚礁)may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of
10、 coral reefs and 340/oo of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says.The report concludes that there is ample evidence to Justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently.Fresh water consumption is rising quickly, and the availability
11、of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century.A third of the worlds population - around two billion people - live in countries that are experiening moderate to high water shortages. That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unl
12、ess institutions(制度)change to ensure better conservation and allocation of water.China is one country where the portents(征兆)are gloomy, the most water-stressed country in East Asia. China is exploiting 44% of its usable water,a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2020. Primary withdrawal of water of
13、more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although Chinas total use appears still to be reasonable, it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally.Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan
14、 and Pakistan, and will exceed them in India by 2020. In the Middle East and North Africa, only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest hlave exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers (蓄水层) - bodies of water-bearing rock - the report says.（分数：7.00）(1).It is estimated that
15、water use will rise by 50%in the next 30 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(3).Most of the worlds population may live within 100km of the sea in 2025.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not
16、mentioned(4).Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).The world Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water
17、supplies.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).India exceeds environmental limits for water use.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。BChimpanzees/B1. Chimpan
18、zees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意)fo
19、r the survival of their distant relatives - human beings.2. In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse used as model for human disease in lab tests,which shares only 60% of its DNA with us
20、.In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spectes of monkey. As well as resembling US genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority(优先). But there is another,m
21、ore selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3. The chimpanzeestrump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particu
22、lar, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.4. For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they
23、 are so resistant.5. By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow
24、them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(改变)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well
25、 within our reach.A. Genetic Differences Between Chimps and HumansB. Reasons for HIV ResistanceC. Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction for HumansD. Effective AIDS TreatmentE. Genetic Similarities Between Chimps and HumansF. Chimps Resistance to HIV（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragr
26、aph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. healthier lifestyle B. some human disease treatments C. some diseases D. human survival E. human genomes F. key areas（分数：4.00）(1).Chimpanzee extinction may affect_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).There is a difference o
27、f less than 2%between the chimp and_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：105.00)下面有 3 篇短文
28、，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBYouth Emancipation in Spain/BThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 1834 in Spain still sleep in their parents hom
29、e,says the latest report from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes,the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放)“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the pre
30、carious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem,say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said
31、 Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding“.“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized,“ said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the country
32、side,it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.“A chil
33、d can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist,“ said Jos Antonio Gmez Yanez,a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old
34、 in Madrid,has three children in their 20s. The eldest 28, hasa girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.“His mum does the wash and cooks for him;in the end,he lives well,“ Masso said.（分数：75.00）(1).The “Youth Emancipation“ programme aims at helping young people（分数：15.00）A.live in an independe
35、nt wayB.fight for freedomC.fight against social injusticeD.get rid of family responsibilities(2).It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in（分数：15.00）A.GreeceB.FinlandC.SpainD.Italy(3).Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following fa
36、ctors EXCEPT（分数：15.00）A.parents toleranceB.housing problemsC.unwillingness to get marriedD.cultural traditions(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?（分数：15.00）A.She has a boyfriendB.She is 60 years oldC.She has three childrenD.She lives in Madrid(5).The phrase “wary of“
37、in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by（分数：15.00）A.tired ofB.afraid ofC.worried aboutD.cautious aboutB第二篇/BBListening to Birdsong/BA male zebra finch(雀科呜鸟)chirps(呜)away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the fem
38、ale tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills (啭音)he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tel
39、l the difference.Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female(and potential mate) nearby. With an audience,the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.For this study
40、,researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past.In the study,Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. Ore broadcast the sound
41、 of a male zebra finch singing to himself,like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience,as if he was giving a concert.Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates,others didnt. The females shifted around a bi
42、t, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience,even if theyd never met the male.Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs. One from an unknown male, and one from th
43、eir mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their matessongs. This suggests that after a while,females learn to recognize - and prefer - the songs of their mates.Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up(活跃起来)when the bi
44、rds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.his research deals with whats called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is th
45、e way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter(喋喋不休),and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication in this case their songs.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the followi
46、ng is true about birdsongs?（分数：3.00）A.Female zebra finches are too shy to sing before malesB.Male zebra finches sing louder than femalesC.Male zebra finches change their songs to attract femalesD.Female zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing(2).What did the researchers find in their stud
47、y of female zebra finches?（分数：3.00）A.Female finches liked songs male finches sang for themB.Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their matesC.Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakersD.Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates(3).What is meant by “co
48、ncert songs“ in paragraph 7?（分数：3.00）A.Songs sung by zebra finches at a concertB.Songs sung by female finches for male finchesC.Songs sung by male finches to other finchesD.Songs sung by male finches for female finches(4).The expression “directed communication“ in the last paragraph means communicat
49、ion in which（分数：3.00）A.the communicator sends messages to himselfB.the message sender has a specific audienceC.two communicators send messages to each otherD.mothers talk to their babies in their mother tongue(5).Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Chirping awayB.Zebra finches and their lifeC.Frequencies of b
