1、职称英语理工类 A级真题 2005年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项 (第 115 题，每(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are theirMotives for doing it （分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west （分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henry cannot resist the lure
2、of drugs （分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.These programmes are of immense value to old people （分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5. A great deal has been done to remedy the situation （分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an
3、article （分数：1.00）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.He is determined to conso1idate his power （分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems （分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.Hearing problems may be alleviated b
4、y changes in diet and exercise habits （分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory （分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The food is insufficient for three people （分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousan
5、ds of people perished in the storm （分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13. But in the end he approved of our proposal （分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business （分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny15.In B
6、ritain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management （分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.pruductionC.efficiencyD.publicity二、第 2部分：阅读判断 (第 1 622 题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist
7、changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics boffin(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in LondonThe people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects98 percent of those asked got it wrongThe m
8、ajority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearing glasses and with a white beard While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of
9、a physicist is now 31 The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubesThese stereotypes are really dama
10、ging to societyVery good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing scienceThey simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at unive
11、rsityIf we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractiveBut we must also develop childrens interest in science In an attempt to change this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals
12、are being organizedThousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science OlympiadsWinning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads w
13、hich are held in a different county every yearThese events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in scienceIt seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like compu
14、ter studies or fashion and design （分数：7.00）(1). Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2). The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and the cinema have played
15、a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men
16、tioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect? 1 A clone is a
17、ll exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technolo
18、gyA mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world 2 SeedS announcement provoked a lot of media att
19、ention，most of it negativeIn Europe， nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year 3 Many researc
20、hers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important researchIn March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistakenMany researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，h
21、uman cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoonsSuchinformation is often
22、 misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look likeBut how would it f
23、eel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners askPretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人) （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims“The
24、 school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl Br
25、uce Hardyschool bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergartenLast year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe sa
26、ys，”Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listenerSometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is importantMr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel importantHer friends Ashley Batist
27、a and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these d
28、ays. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus” Alth
29、ouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever sinceMy grandfather started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and communit
30、y and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyedThanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of ridin
31、g Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District （分数：15.00）(1).The word“mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.vehicle”B.device”C.“need”D.“reflection”(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company （分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for 70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(
32、3). Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? （分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengersB.He has never missed a day of workC.He is an impatient personD.He has driven 350.000 accident free miles(4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by （分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.Althouses grandfat
33、herC.Liesls motherD.Ashley Batista(5). Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to （分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships第二篇 A Phone That Knows Youre Busy Its a modern problem：youre too busy to be disturbed by incessa
34、nt(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busyyou could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are no
35、t too busy A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if its a good time to interrupt youIf built into a phone，the system may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later James Fogarty an
36、d Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activityFirst they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted The potential“busyne
37、ss”signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects
38、were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“highly interruptibleto“highly notinterruptible” . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and t
39、hen let statistics find out which were important，” says Hudson The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be Interestingly，the computer was actually better than
40、people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per centFogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers dont care The fi
41、rst application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones“There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，” says Hudson （分数：15.00）(1). A big problem facing people today is that （分数：3.00）A.t
42、hey must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsB.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quietC.they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphoneD.they are too busy to make phone calls(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone （分数：3.00）A.could help st
43、ore messagesB.could send messages instantlyC.could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD.could identify important phone calls(3).Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out （分数：3.00）A.why office doors were often 1eft openB.when it was a good time to turn off the computerC.what questio
44、ns office workers were bothered withD.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy(4).During the experiment，the subjects were asked （分数：3.00）A.to control the sensors and the cameraB.to rate the degrees to which they could be interruptedC.to compare their behaviors with othersD.to analyze all
45、 the indicators of interruption(5).The computer performed better than people in the study because （分数：3.00）A.the computer worked harderB.the computer was not busyC.people tended to be biasedD.people were not good at statistics第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon What comes to mind when you think of a
46、 lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fishFor the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing th
47、irtyseven peopleTwo years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are
48、 not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the waterturns overregularlyThat is，the water from the bottom of the l
49、ake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning overNo one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gasesWhen a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the wa
