1、职称英语理工类 A级真题 2004年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 l部分：词汇选项 (第 115 题，每(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth （分数：1.00）A.take outB.break offC.push inD.dig up2.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September （分数：1.00）A.playB.showC.sendD.tell3.This table is str
2、ong and durable （分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal4.He endured great pain before he finally expired （分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated5.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror （分数：1.00）A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring6.The index is the governments chief gaug
3、e of future economic activity （分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.methodD.decision7.Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first （分数：1.00）A.workableB.reasonableC.possibleD.available8.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water （分数：1.00）A.boiledB.pollutedC.mixedD.sweete
4、ned9.You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position （分数：1.00）A.maintainB.betterC.acquireD.support10.She stood there，trembling with fear （分数：1.00）A.jumpingB.cryingC.movingD.shaking11.Medical facilities are being upgraded （分数：1.00）A.expandedB.repairedC.improvedD.transferred12.Rock climbin
5、g ishazardous （分数：1.00）A.interestingB.dangerousC.attractiveD.useful13.John is eligible for this job （分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.recommendedC.rejectedD.recommended14. In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production （分数：1.00）A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up15.Mary looked pal
6、e and weary （分数：1.00）A.worriedB.uglyC.sillyD.exhausted二、第 2部分：阅读判断 (第 1622题，(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday eveningThe storms were dramatic and dangerous George Snyder was driving
7、the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel(漏斗状的)cloud was behind him“I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloudIt was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a whileIt was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared”Snyder said Snyder
8、 only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern 0hio on SaturdayIn Trumbull County，a tornado turned trees onto their sidesSome trees fell onto houses and carsOther trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm
9、began“I knew something was wrong, ” he said“I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the houseI started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection” The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the areaIt will take a long time and
10、much money to repair everythingThere was also serious water damage from the thunderstormsThe heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the riverMore than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull CountyThe river was so hig
11、h that the water ran into streets and housesMany streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high waterThis made it difficult for fire trucks，police Cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in troubleMany people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their
12、own safetySome people reported five feet of water in their homesLocal and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走)The Red Cross served meals to them “This was a really intense storm，”said Snyder“People were afraidMother Nature can be fierceWe were lucky this ti
13、meNo one was killed” （分数：7.00）(1). The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （分数：1.00）A.Righ
14、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6). Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people （分数：1.0
15、0）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7). Several people were missing during the storm （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 23(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South
16、 CarolinaWhen she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take actionJoying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaignShe raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches deanWith the help of othersJoying also bought or received don
17、ations of gallon-size plastic icecream bucketsThe buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beachThe buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beachTwo years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarett
18、e debris(残片) 2 People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Coloradohave Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlifeCarter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa RiverThe plan was part of
19、a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1.Working with the Colorado Division of WildlifeCarter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living thereThey also made decisions aboutamong other things。Where fences and parking areas should be built 3 Bar
20、bara Brown and her friends collect oilIt started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。TexasThey did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areaswhere people
21、live off the water on their 1andThe girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issueNowthe“Dont Be Crude”program runs oilcollection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil 4 Five years ago11-year-ol
22、d Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking waterHis dream began in the first grade when he 1earned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well“We really take water for granted，”says R
23、yan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada“In other countriesyou have to plan for it”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation，which raises money for clean wat
24、erand healthrelated services for people in African countries and developing countries 23 Paragraph 1 _ . 24 Paragraph 2 _ . 25 Paragraph 3 _ . 26 Paragraph 4 _ . A Provide Clean Water B Dig 0il Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.E.F.A.B
25、.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _ . 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _ . 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _ . 30 Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _ . A make new mate
26、rials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butte F collect despoiled oil （分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四、第 4部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial
27、 successfew nations can match GermanySince the 1 940sthe nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from scienceAnd though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the glo
28、bal economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soughtafter technologiesBut today the Fraunhofer institut
29、es have competitionUniversities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all overThese efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic successbut
30、 it is not without its criticsThese people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of flesh ideasIf every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being c
31、uriositydriven，flee and widely available will SufferOthers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years mile this debate continuesnew ideas flow at a steady rate f
32、rom Germanys research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and LeibnizYet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, an
33、d has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 peopleIt continues to growLast year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in BerlinToday, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia （分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? （分数：3.00）A.Technology t
34、ransferB.Good managementC.Hard workD.Fierce competition(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? （分数：3.00）A.It is freeB.It is profitdrivenC.It is widely availableD.It is curiositydriven(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in （
35、分数：3.00）A.AsiaB.USAC.EuropeD.Africa(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded? （分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last yearC.After the unificationD.In 1949.(5).The word “expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.“experts”B.“scientists” C.“scholars”D.“special knowledge”第二篇 Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷
36、) An underground revolution begins this winterwith the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by icecold highperformance cablesOther American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahea
37、dwhich could conserve enormous amounts of power The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductorsA superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistanceResistance is the degree to which a substa
38、nce resists electric currentAll common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistanceThey convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heatSuperconductors dont?No one understands how superconductivity worksIt just does Making superconductors is
39、nt easyA superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to 10se its resistanceThe first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistanceNewer superconducting materials 10se their resistance at-143 degrees
40、Celsius The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copperoxygenbismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)and calcium(钙)A ceramic is a hardstrong compound made from clay or mineralsThe superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped leng
41、thwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogenLiquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistanceBecause cooled superconduct
42、ors have no resistancethey waste much less power0ther cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve powertoo （分数：15.00）(1).What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? （分数：3.00）A.With a flip of swishelec
43、tricity can be transmittedB.Other American cities can benefit from the high?performance cablesC.Great amounts of power can be conservedD.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables(2). Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors （分数：3.00）A.have little
44、 or no electrical resistanceB.Can be used for along timeC.are not energy-efficientD.can be made easily(3). At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? （分数：3.00）A.-143 degree CelsiusB.-263 degree CelsiusC.As long as it is ice-coldD.Absolute zero(4).What element enables t
45、he ceramic tape to lower its temperature? （分数：3.00）A.CopperB.Liquid nitrogenC.ClayD.Calcium(5).According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true? （分数：3.00）A.Other cities hope they Can also conserve powerB.Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soonC.Superco
46、nductors waste less power because of their low resistanceD.The Fribie experiment is not successful第三篇 The Science of the Future Until recently，the“science of the future”was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligenceToday it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in
47、technology will be brought through a combination Of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineeringThis combination is the science of biotechnology Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materialsHowever, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that h
48、as the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moistureNothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength1ightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects Neverthelessscientists in the laboratory have already succeeded
49、 in“growing”a material that has many of the characteristics of human skinThe next step may well be“biotech hearts and eyes”which can replace diseased organs in human beingsThese will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans The application of biotechnology to energy production seem
