1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 86及答案解析(总分：108.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：23.00)1.Brilliantly colored flowers attract insects.（分数：1.00）A.DelicatelyB.SensiblyC.HarmoniouslyD.Brightly2.The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.（分数：4.00）A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint3.This wa
2、s disaster on a cosmic scale.（分数：1.00）A.modestB.commercialC.hugeD.national4.Red giant stars do not become white dwarf stars abruptly ; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.suddenlyB.in unisonC.prematurelyD.accidentally5.The last few weeks have been enjoyable.（分数：4.00）A.closeB
3、.nearC.pastD.several6.The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.（分数：3.00）A.placedB.showedC.pointedD.decided7.It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.（分数：1.00）A.veryB.completelyC.usuallyD.mostly8.We“re happy to report that business is booming this year.（分数：1.00）A.failingB.op
4、enC.successfulD.risky9.There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country.（分数：1.00）A.steadyB.plentifulC.an extraD.a stable10.He picked a book from the bookshelf and then commenced to read.（分数：1.00）A.directedB.commentedC.committedD.began11.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid fr
5、amework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material12.It“s prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible13.If you had gone over your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made few
6、er mistakes.（分数：1.00）A.looked upB.thought aboutC.gone throughD.gone round14.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept15.The index is the government“s chief gauge of future economic activity.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.evaluationD.decision二、第
7、 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey
8、on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the
9、 image of all average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help
10、 promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don“t see people like themselves on
11、television or in magazines doing science. They simply don“t relate to the media“s image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the s
12、cientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children“s interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the i
13、nternational wide science competitions of which the most popular are the national Science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young pe
14、ople who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physi
15、cist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Th
16、ere will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wro
17、ngC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A Baby“s Growth1. To describe a baby“s growth, the old saying “one thing leads to another“ should really read, “one thing leads to an explosion
18、.“ The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world. 2. You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is
19、partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat
20、the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space.
21、 The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world. 3. If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one of Gesell“s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According
22、 to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look ba
23、ck and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother“s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four mo
24、nths old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination. 4. An early attachment to one objecta toy or a stuffed animalis another index of discrimination, as well as self-development, for the baby“s interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but s
25、ome will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a “lovely“. A “lovely“ will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and “talked to“. The
26、se “lovelies“ give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby“s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find
27、 a “lovey“ is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Gesell“s Measure of the Baby“s Mental Growth B. Growth of the Baby Through Playing with Toys C. The Baby“s Confusion in Front of a Mirror D. Significance of Each Stage of Development in a Baby“s Life E.
28、 The Baby“s Love for “Lovelies“ Indicates Early Mental Resourcefulness and Flexibility F. The Functions of a “Lovey“（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).The baby“s ability to sense the visual space owes to 1. A. around twenty weeks of age B. f
29、eel flattered C. tell one hand from the other D. the perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up E. has preference among his toys F. explore his toys（分数：1.00）(6).In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby is able to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).A baby will smile at his image at 1.
30、（分数：1.00）(8).The baby“s extension of affection should make the mother 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine
31、interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “It“s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep an
32、d when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body“s levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv Un
33、iversity found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off twice
34、as long as usualand jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrat
35、ions in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recom
36、mends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that _.（分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raisedB.neurohormone can wake us upC.coffee is a stimulantD.decaf is a caffeinated coffee(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affe
37、cts sleep?（分数：3.00）A.Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B.Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C.Caffeine halves the body“s levels of sleep hormone.D.Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.(3).What does Paragraph 3 ma
38、inly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decal on sleep.B.Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C.The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D.The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.(4).What does
39、the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 prove?（分数：3.00）A.There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers“ urine sample.B.There are more melatonin concentrations in coffeein drinkers“ urine sample.C.Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D.Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.(5).The author of this p
40、assage probably agrees that _.（分数：3.00）A.coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffeeB.we should not drink coffee after supperC.people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 amD.if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Buildings Be Designed
41、 to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists? Ten days
42、 after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the s
43、ite as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and searching for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at t
44、he buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,“ said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthqu
45、ake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,“ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and
46、buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building“, explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missi
47、le that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.“ The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing systems in one of the adjacent buildings were quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling deb
48、ris to remain intact.“ Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails.“ We also need a better understanding of t
49、he mechanism of collapse, “said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.“ A. Reinhorn, Ph.D. noted that “earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present. “（分数：
