1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 85及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：18.00)1.Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.storeC.useD.receive2.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling3.The little girl
2、 grasped her mother“s hand as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understoodB.had a hold overC.took hold ofD.left hold of4.The shopkeeper gave us short weight : we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.（分数：1.00）A.sizeB.measureC.volumeD.mass5.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by f
3、riends.（分数：1.00）A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested6.The latest car model embodies the new research development.（分数：1.00）A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens7.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.mixedC.beatenD.covered8.One theory postulates that the
4、 ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.（分数：1.00）A.expectsB.assumesC.predictsD.considers9.We had only a vague description of the attacker.（分数：1.00）A.conciseB.impreciseC.unpolishedD.elementary10.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.（分数：2.00）A.destroyedB.brok
5、eC.smashedD.changed11.He is renowned for his skill.（分数：1.00）A.rememberedB.recommendedC.well-knownD.praised12.Michael is now merely a good friend.（分数：1.00）A.largelyB.possiblyC.justD.rarely13.Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning sl
6、avery.（分数：1.00）A.slogansB.short poemsC.sentimentsD.short pamphlets14.The meaning is still obscure .（分数：1.00）A.transparentB.vagueC.alienD.significant15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.（分数：2.00）A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Computer MouseThe basic computer mou
7、se is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting (涂), drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mic
8、e with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include lig
9、ht pens, graphics (图形) tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing
10、 device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine (常规) computer tasks. How does the mouse work? W
11、e have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts (轴). The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a p
12、air of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is
13、blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects (发现) a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal (发信号) to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The
14、computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up
15、 dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.（分数：7.00）(1).Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).According to the author, general computer users need not to know ho
16、w the computer mouse was invented.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.（分数：1.00）A.Rig
17、htB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in t
18、hat the former has no moving parts.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Earth Angels1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five ye
19、ars for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice cre
20、am buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who
21、 live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project whe
22、n Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brow
23、n and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas where people live
24、 off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Don“t Be Crude“ program runs oil collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11
25、-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn“t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for
26、 granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan“s Well Foundation,
27、 which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Provide Clean Water B. Dig Oil Wells C. Save Clean Water D. Don“t Litter E. Don“t Be Crude F. Protect Wildlife（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).
28、Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to 1. A. make new materials B. preserve wetland and animals C. have clean air D. have clean water E. collect cigarette butts F. collect despoiled oil（分数：1.00）(6).People are grateful to Carter Dun
29、ham for his efforts to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The American IndustryA history of long and effortless su
30、ccess can be a dreadful handicap (阻碍), but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of sca
31、le. Its scientists were the world“s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitab
32、ly, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one
33、 American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea“s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America“s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconducto
34、rs, which America had sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore sh
35、ortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America“s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back o
36、n five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, and has learnt
37、to be more quick-witted,“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard“s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,“ says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And Wil
38、liam Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States“.（分数：15.00）(1).The U. S. achieved its predominance after World War because _.（分数：3.00）A.it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB.its d
39、omestic market was eight times larger than beforeC.the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsD.the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy(2).The loss of U. S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the Amer
40、ican _.（分数：3.00）A.TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketB.semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesC.machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsD.auto industry had lost part of its domestic market(3).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It
41、 is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.B.Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.C.The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.D.A long history of success may pave the way for further development.(4).The author seems to believe the revival of
42、 the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the _.（分数：3.00）A.turning of the business cycleB.restructuring of industryC.improved business managementD.success in education(5).What does “the American industry has gone on a diet“ in Paragraph 4 mean?（分数：3.00）A.Employees in the American industry
43、are on a diet.B.The American industry has reduced redundant staff.C.The American industry has shrunk.D.The American industry has been made more efficient.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Centers of the Great European CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather
44、there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere. Squares, plazas(广场) and arcades(拱廊) form the heart of Europe“s cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco-a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restau
45、rants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London“s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats(杂技演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities
46、often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant(有活力的) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.
47、“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don“t see all the mistakes,“ said Garreau, “those have all been removed.“ Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people“s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans“ life
48、has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provid
49、e the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡) and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding str
