1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 78及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.（分数：1.00）A.desire for exerciseB.desire for visitorsC.desire for sleepD.desire for food2.He picked a book from the bookshelf and then commenced to read.（分数：1.00）A.directedB.comme
2、ntedC.committedD.began3.Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.（分数：1.00）A.sympathyB.regretC.wishfulnessD.sorrow4.The firemen were unable to control the blaze .（分数：1.00）A.flowerB.blowC.flameD.stroke5.He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his caree
3、r.（分数：1.00）A.hot-temperedB.energeticC.friendlyD.patient6.She could not formulate her ideas in a few words.（分数：1.00）A.stateB.argueC.inventD.announce7.Language teachers often extract examples from grammar books.（分数：1.00）A.pull outB.repairC.takesD.dig8.Steve is deliberately staying away from the meetin
4、g to show his disapproval of the proposal.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientlyB.noticeablyC.intentionallyD.absolutely9.There is an abundant supply of salt in the market.（分数：1.00）A.steadyB.plentifulC.extraD.stable10.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.（分数：1.00）A.persistedB.ins
5、istedC.resistedD.suggested11.Her life is becoming more diverse .（分数：1.00）A.generousB.humorousC.variedD.romantic12.Knowing that I had been out of work now, they were unwilling to lend me money.（分数：1.00）A.unhappyB.readyC.preparedD.reluctant13.You startled me when you shouted.（分数：1.00）A.threatenedB.fri
6、ghtenedC.interruptedD.troubled14.She longed for a chance to speak to Tom in private.（分数：1.00）A.preferredB.wantedC.choseD.asked for15.If no one objects , Mr. Ben will be the next chairman.（分数：1.00）A.disagreesB.approvesC.rejectsD.refuses二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Earth Rocks onMost of the time, the gr
7、ound feels solid beneath our feet. That“s comforting. But it“s also misleading because there“s actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years. Scienti
8、sts know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust(地壳), eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question. Now, an international group of researcher
9、s has an answer. They“ve found new evidence suggesting that Earth“s crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones. Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids (小行星) were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot,
10、melted state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet“s hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface. In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal (上地壳) bel
11、t. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air. The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of vo
12、lcanic rock. To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today. That explana
13、tion, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.（分数：7.00）(1).The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The shape of lands and oceans are sl
14、owly changed with the movements of plates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists once estimated that Earth“s crust started shifting three billion years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).
15、It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The Isua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.（分
16、数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Few Facts about Singapore1. Singapore is an independent city state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major islandthe Singapore Islandand more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore,
17、 the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km. 2. Low lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的)features. A central area
18、of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20. The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm; the wettest months are November through January. 3. Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to
19、 a four-year term is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment(修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elect
20、ed. 4. In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college. 5. Singapore has one of the h
21、ighest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $ 23.7 billion, or $ 8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produce
22、s a diversity (多样化的) of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Education. B. Land and climate. C. State system. D. Natural resources. E. Economy of singapore. F. Population
23、.（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Singapore is a small state in the southeast of Asia 1. A. live a better life B. made up of one major island and more than 50 small islands C. have more farmland D. by the people E. produce many kinds of goods
24、 F. have a big population（分数：1.00）(6).According to the constitution of Singapore, the president of the state is elected 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Compared with people in other Asian countries, the Singaporeans 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Though small, Singapore has an industry of its own and can 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数
25、：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of
26、communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there
27、 has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who us
28、e mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one ease, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn“t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own
29、son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer“s doctor didn“t agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. Hig
30、h-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it“s best to use mobile phones less often. Us
31、e your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it“s wis
32、e not to use your mobile phone too often.（分数：15.00）(1).People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.they“re popularB.they“re cheapC.they“re usefulD.they“re convenient(2).The world “ detected “ in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.curedB.removedC.discover
33、edD.caused(3).The salesman retired young because _.（分数：3.00）A.he disliked using mobile phonesB.he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneC.he couldn“t remember simple tasksD.his employer“s doctor persuaded him to(4).On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies _.（分数：3.00）A.deny
34、 the existence of mobile phone radiationB.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiationC.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to healthD.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about(5).The writer“s purpose of writing this article is to advise people _.（分数：3.00）A
35、.to buy mobile phonesB.to update regular phonesC.to use mobile phones less oftenD.to stop using mobile phones六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Spelling and WritingThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or con
36、sidered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing wi
37、thout holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher“s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That“s why teachers
38、often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible
39、 (难以辨认的).“ It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil“s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child“s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the
40、errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child“s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.（分数：15.00）(1).Teachers differ in their opinions about _.（分数：3.00）A.the difficulties in teaching spellingB.the role
41、 of spelling in general language developmentC.the complexities of the basic writing skillsD.the necessity of teaching spelling(2).The expression“ play safe“ probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.to write carefullyB.to do as teachers sayC.to use dictionaries frequentlyD.to avoid using words one is not sure of(
42、3).Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _.（分数：3.00）A.students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB.teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC.students will have more confidence in writingD.students will learn to be independent of teachers(4).The writer seems to
43、 think that the teacher“s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is _.（分数：3.00）A.reasonableB.unfairC.foolishD.careless(5).The major point discussed in the passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.the importance of developing writing skillsB.the complexities of spellingC.the correct way of marking compositionsD.
44、the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the world“s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it
45、is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil, hut reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fas
46、t reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the world“s poor too. “Renewable“ refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than
47、 they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2,000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. China“s Three Gorges Dam, which has just b
48、een completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the US“s Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of China“s entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contribute g
49、reenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generationquadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the world“s entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. Th
