1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 75及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials.（分数：1.00）A.trimB.meltC.drillD.slice2.The cost of elections in the United States is borne by both the government and the private sector.（分数：1.00）A.knownB.foughtC.exp
2、osedD.assumed3.Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome .（分数：1.00）A.intriguingB.annoyingC.potentD.significant4.They got in quite a brawl .（分数：1.00）A.snitB.fightC.ballyD.littering5.By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works
3、to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.（分数：1.00）A.branchesB.exercisesC.perusalsD.violations6.The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdown of sales figures for competitive products.（分数：1.00）A.decrease inB.reordering ofC.itemization o
4、fD.collapse in7.The bricklayer is working on the house today.（分数：1.00）A.carpenterB.plumberC.electricianD.mason8.Brilliantly colored flowers attract insects.（分数：1.00）A.DelicatelyB.SensiblyC.HarmoniouslyD.Brightly9.On the brink of matrimony, he fled to a desert island.（分数：1.00）A.shipB.proposalC.edgeD.
5、evasion10.Defined most broadly , folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation.（分数：1.00）A.fancifullyB.liberallyC.quaintlyD.dryly11.Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures c
6、ondemning slavery.（分数：1.00）A.slogansB.short poemsC.sentimentsD.short pamphlets12.It“s evident that her handling of them has bruised the peaches.（分数：1.00）A.promulgatedB.infatuatedC.damagedD.infuriated13.Messalina“s name has become a byword for notorious behavior.（分数：1.00）A.an epithetB.an abstractionC
7、.an indicationD.an oration14.The caliber of F. Scott Fitzgerald“s writing was reassessed by literary critics in the 1950“s.（分数：1.00）A.idealismB.creativityC.qualityD.imagery15.People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away.（分数：1.00）A.consideratelyB.hungrilyC.alertlyD.quiet
8、ly二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Learning DisorderDyslexiaAs many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way.
9、One of the world“s great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the
10、 United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brainthe part that controls languageis
11、larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows th
12、e cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby“s body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their prob
13、lems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.（分数：7.00）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3
14、).The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed
15、 males than in right-handed females.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a baby“s mother.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language
16、properly.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How to Learn Language Successfully1. Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They
17、do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them. 2. First of all, successful langua
18、ge learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guesters who look for clues and form their
19、own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes. 3. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they as
20、k these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or inco
21、mplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world. 4. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necess
22、ary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. 5. What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably be
23、en learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Ways to Learn a Language Successfully B. Learning a Language Purposefully C. Le
24、arning a Language Actively D. Learning a Language Independently E. Learning from Mistakes F. Learning to Think in the Target Language（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Successful language learners derive conclusions 1. A. to discover sentence p
25、atterns and grammatical rules B. to expand vocabulary C. to use the target language D. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully E. from clues F. to say strange things（分数：1.00）(6).Independent language learners rely on themselves 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Acti
26、ve language learners seize every opportunity 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The author wrote this text 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Weather MapA weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather
27、 forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They arc also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original character
28、istics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enor
29、mous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, an
30、d all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development o
31、f air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorol
32、ogical stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation o
33、n the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.（分数：15.00）(1).One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.wind speedB.thermal changesC.frontsD.barometric pressu
34、re(2).The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _.（分数：3.00）A.upper air levelsB.satellite reportsC.changing frontsD.daily air maps(3).The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it _.（分数：3.00）A.gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwiseB.en
35、ables man to alter the weatherC.uses electronic instrumentsD.is modern(4).A weather map is synoptic because it _.（分数：3.00）A.summarizes a great deal of informationB.can be interpreted accuratelyC.appears dailyD.shows changing fronts(5).At the present time, experiments are being conducted in _.（分数：3.0
36、0）A.30-day “outlook“B.controlling stormsC.satellitesD.manipulating weather六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Immigration and ProblemsHundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as
37、citizensnot criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures - including rounding up undocumented immigrants
38、and sending them back to their home countries. Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all t
39、his growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers don“t always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs. With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islan
40、ds and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Government has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegal, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back, the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have eru
41、pted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help. France“s new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to id
42、entify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents“ visas, valid for three years. But some concern t
43、hat it“ll cause brain drain in developing countries.（分数：15.00）(1).Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the US in early 2006, demanding that they should be treated as _.（分数：3.00）A.animalsB.citizensC.civiliansD.criminals(2).Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because _.（分数：3.00）A.Can
44、ada is in desperate need of talented peopleB.Canada can feed a much larger populationC.Canada is suffering from labor shortageD.Canada is a multicultural country(3).What has the Spanish Government decided to do?（分数：3.00）A.Help immigrants find proper jobs.B.Let immigrants freely enter the country.C.I
45、ntegrate immigrants into the Spanish culture.D.Take tough measures against illegal immigration.(4).After France“s new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will _.（分数：3.00）A.lure overseas students back homeB.undermine the unity of the countryC.drain developing countries of talentD.induce
46、resentment among the French workers(5).The phrasal verb rounding up in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.capturingB.encirclingC.separatingD.frightening七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers“Research by the University of Exeter has revealed t
47、hat ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers“ and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building ac
48、tivity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be at
49、tacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university“s Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They“re also very territorial and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.“ “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their pre
