1、职称英语理工类 A级模拟 74及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They voted to abolish the office of second vice-president.（分数：1.00）A.decorateB.createC.improveD.eliminate2.Eleanor Roosevelt“s dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad .（分数：1.00）A.on the a
2、irB.henceforthC.nearbyD.in foreign countries3.Choreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create works filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood.（分数：1.00）A.gracefulB.creativeC.suddenD.dramatic4.Red giant stars do not become white dwarf stars ab
3、ruptly ; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.suddenlyB.in unisonC.prematurelyD.accidentally5.Although South Carolina“s mineral resources are abundant , not all of them can be mined lucratively.（分数：1.00）A.moltenB.plentifulC.diverseD.precious6.The most famous Shoshone Indian w
4、as Sacagaweathe woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the upper Missouri River.（分数：1.00）A.traveled withB.argued withC.defendedD.avoided7.It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud.（分数：1.00）A.separationB.reaction
5、C.accumulationD.motion8.While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail to accumulate at the post office.（分数：1.00）A.be deliveredB.pile upC.get lostD.be returned9.If the weatherman has predicted accurately , tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic.（分数：1.00）A.astutelyB.correctlyC.caref
6、ullyD.acutely10.Usually, in an attack of influenza, the patient“s limbs ache .（分数：1.00）A.hurtB.softenC.get numbD.get hot11.As aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations .（分数：1.00）A.mishapsB.expansionsC.setbacksD.modifications12.One o
7、f California“s greatest problems is providing adequate water to meet the needs of its expanding population.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientB.palatableC.suitableD.unpolluted13.Weed killers must be chosen and applied with great care to avoid damage to adjacent trees and shrubs.（分数：1.00）A.indigenousB.nearbyC.pere
8、nnialD.similar14.Eleven states, including the adjoining states of North and South Carolina, seceded from the United States in the 1860“s and formed a southern confederacy.（分数：1.00）A.separatedB.neighboringC.colonialD.competing15.I admire his work.（分数：1.00）A.recognizeB.exploitC.tolerateD.esteem二、第二部分：
9、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗
10、状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through no
11、rtheastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I
12、saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There
13、 was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into str
14、eets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some peop
15、le reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder, “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No
16、 one was killed.“（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wron
17、gC.Not mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.Righ
18、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Several people were missing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Earth Angels1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. Wh
19、en she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received don
20、ations of gallonsize plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of
21、 cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. Th
22、e plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking
23、areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real d
24、anger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Don“t Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can disp
25、ose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn“t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could
26、build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to t
27、he start of the Ryan“s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Provide Clean Water B. Dig Oil Wells C. Save Clean Water D. Don“t Litter E. Don“t Be Crude F. Protect Wildlife
28、（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to 1. A. make new materials B. preserve wetland and animals C. have clean air D. have clean water E. collect cigarette butts F. collect disposed oil（分数：1.00
29、）(6).People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)War and ConflictThe
30、 question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world“s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from compe
31、tition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by
32、 which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or
33、groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence
34、 among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for l
35、imited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. T
36、he essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is t
37、rue that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：15.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in
38、order to _.（分数：3.00）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation(2).According to the author, competition differs
39、 from conflict in that _.（分数：3.00）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existence(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means _.（分数：3.00
40、）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict _.（分数：3.00）A.is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual socia
41、l entitiesD.can be avoided(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“（分数：3.00）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competition lead to conflict?六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Pool WatchSwimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeg
42、uards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system ca
43、lled Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard“s paper. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just
44、 a few months, says Alistair MeQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overheard video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a sw
45、immer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around.“ Says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the
46、 pool. It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory. To pick
47、 out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software“s “pre-alert“ 1 list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 secounds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really
48、is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool“s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer“s location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe. Bu
49、ckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools-and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,“ he says. But he adds that any local authority spending 30,000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim.（分数：15.00）(1).AI means the same as _.（分数：3.00）A.an imageB.an ideaC.anyone in the waterD.artificial intelligence(2).What is required of
