1、职称英语理工类 A级-69 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.（分数：1.00）A.jumpsB.risesC.fallsD.changes2.Did you do that to irritate her?（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.protect3.Mary looked pale and weary .（分数：1.00）A.illB.tiredC.w
2、orriedD.peaceful4.The water in this part of the river has been contaminated by sewage (污水).（分数：1.00）A.pollutedB.downgradedC.mixedD.blackened5.Her treatment of the subject is exhaustive .（分数：1.00）A.boringB.thoroughC.interestingD.touching6.It is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.（分
3、数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.foolish7.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.（分数：1.00）A.muddiedB.pollutedC.mixedD.troubled8.The room is gloomy but tidy.（分数：1.00）A.tinyB.pleasantC.darkD.agreeable9.The index is the government“s chief gauge of future economic activity.（分数：
4、1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.evaluationD.decision10.It“s prudent to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.sensibleC.possibleD.feasible11.He is renowned for his perfect performance in the movie.（分数：1.00）A.rememberedB.praisedC.recommendedD.well-known12.You have to be patient i
5、f you want to sustain your position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.establishC.acquireD.support13.She stared at his son and shaked with anger.（分数：1.00）A.jumpedB.criedC.swayedD.trembled14.Medical facilities are being upgraded .（分数：1.00）A.renewedB.repairedC.improvedD.increased15.We are so tired after one work on
6、 this program.（分数：1.00）A.gloomyB.uglyC.sillyD.exhausted二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That“s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him p
7、urposely to cure him of pre-performance panic, Mr. Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?“ Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies th
8、at musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind. Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don
9、“t deny that you“re jittery, they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience. Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoul
10、ders, then smile,“ she says. “And not one of these “please don“t kill me“ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.“ She doesn“t want performers to think of the audience as a judge. Extreme demands b
11、y mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme
12、stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, “If I have to go through this to play music, I think I“m going to look for another job.“ Recovery, he said, involv
13、ed developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz“s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They h
14、ad to push him on stage,“ Soprano Renata Scotto recalled. Actually, success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you“re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don“t have any expectations,“ Soprano June Anderson said. “There“s less to lose. Later on, when you“re
15、known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.“ Anderson added, “I never stop being nervous until I“ve sung my last note.“（分数：7.00）(1).Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong
16、C.Not mentioned(2).There are many signs of stage fright.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme stage fright.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.（分数：1.00）A.RightB
17、.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).If you have stage fright, it“s helpful to have friendly audience.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Famous musicians never suffer from stage fr
18、ight.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Optimists Really Do Live Longer, Say Scientists1. For the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong, banal and corrupting, while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freund simply declared it to be neur
19、otic. 2. Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health. In other words optimists live longer. 3. That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the U.S. State
20、 of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s. Of the 729 candidates, 200 had died and according to scientists, there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them. 4. Ten points more on the pessimism scalethat was the difference between “slightly p
21、essimistic“ and “averagely pessimistic“were enough to boost a person“s chances of dying by 19 percent, according to the study by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania. 5. The study does not say why pessimists die but an older survey taken among children in San Fran
22、cisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the longevity equation. 6. The latest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by Professor Ralf Schwarzer of Berlin“s Free University
23、 who questioned 600 heart and lung patients. His conclusion: Optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic counterparts; tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly. 7. There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn int
24、o optimists later because they enjoy good health. Numerous surveys have taken into account a person“s state of health at the outset and the effect remains the same. 8. Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way. “Sublimating
25、and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light.“ said Californian psychology professor Shelley Taylor. 9. German science journal “Bild der Wissenschaft“, which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue, commented on “the fig
26、ht attitude“ to having a tumor. 10. It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely. 11. Doctors like, however, to point to the example of U.S. cycling professional L
27、ance Armstrong, who was seriously ill with cancer, but whose unshakable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cycling“s premier Tour de France. 12. The magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Carnegie-Mellon-University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infec
28、ted with strains of various common cold viruses. A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold. 13. The results showed that in the case of people who had satisfactory, long-term relations with friend neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold. Of people w
29、ith three or fewer firm relationships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Quicker Recovery from Illness B. A Longer Life for Optimists C. Relationship between Good Health and Optimists D. A Positive Way of U
30、nderstanding Reality E. Optimism and Pessimism F. Optimists with Illusions（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 7 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 8 1（分数：1.00）(5).Some scholars did not believe 1. A. to avoid unpleasant things in life B. in looking on the bright side of life C. less likely to catch
31、 cold D. how one looks on life E. to be unhappy all the time F. more likely to get cancer（分数：1.00）(6).How long one can live partly depends on 1.（分数：1.00）(7).An optimist does not necessarily try 1.（分数：1.00）(8).An experiment showed that optimists were 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，
32、分数：15.00)Effects of Environmental PollutionIf pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (浮质) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (开始) of an ice age in about fifty years“ time. This conclusion, reached by Dr S. I. Rasool and Dr S. H. Schneider of the United States
33、Goddard Space Flight Centre, answers the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. The Americans have shown conclusively that the aerosol
34、 question is dominant. Two spectres haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planet“s becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
35、 to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2 which would take place over several thousand years. But the other problem now looms larger than ever. Aerosols are collections of small liquid or solid particles dispersed in air or some other medium. The particles a
36、re all so tiny that each is composed of only a few hundred atoms. Because of this they can float in the air for a very long time. Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog (烟雾) of the kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los Angeles today. Th
37、ese collections of aerosols reflect the Sun“s heat and thereby cause the Earth to cool. Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider have calculated the exact effect of a dust aerosol layer just above the Earth“s surface in the temperature of the planet. As the layer builds up, the present delicate balance between
38、the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount radiated from the Earth is disturbed. The aerosol layer not only reflects much of the Sun“s light but also transmits the infrared (红外线的) radiation from below. So, while the heat input to the surface drops, the loss of heat remains high until th
39、e planet cools to a new balanced state. Within fifty years, if no steps are taken to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, a cooling of the Earth by as much as 3.5 seems inevitable. If that lasts for only a few years it would start another ice age, and because the growing ice caps at each p
40、ole would themselves reflect much of the Sun“s radiation it would probably continue to develop even if the aerosol layer were destroyed. The only bright spot in this gloomy forecast lies in the hope expressed by Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider that nuclear power may replace fossil fuels in time to prev
41、ent the aerosol content of the atmosphere from becoming critical.（分数：15.00）(1).The author“s main purpose in writing the article is to warn of _.（分数：3.00）A.warm weatherB.hot weatherC.a new ice ageD.a new iceberg(2).The word “spectres“ in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.poll
42、utionB.carbon dioxideC.aerosolsD.ghosts(3).We learn from the third paragraph that _.（分数：3.00）A.London was plagued with rats in the 1950sB.London is covered with smog todayC.London was polluted by smog in the 1950sD.Los Angeles is as heavily polluted today as London was in the 1950s(4).What will happ
43、en if the dust aerosol layer develops?（分数：3.00）A.The Earth will get extremely hot.B.The balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount lost could hardly be maintained.C.The light of the Sun could no longer reach the surface of the Earth.D.Infrared radiation could no longer b
44、e transmitted from the Earth to outer space.(5).The only way to stop the spread of aerosols in the atmosphere, according to Dr. Rasool and Dr. Schneider, is to use _.（分数：3.00）A.fossil fuelsB.electric powerC.nuclear energyD.coal power六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Expe
45、rienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech“s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled (智能手机支持的), one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend“. “Shimi is designe
46、d to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music,“ said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot“s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab
47、and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain“ powered by an Android phone. Once docked the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user“s mobile device. In other words, if there“s an “app“ for that, Shimi is ready. For insta
48、nce, by using the phone“s camera and face-detecting software, Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears“, or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone“s musical library a
49、nd immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestions. Once the music starts, Shimi dances to the rhythm. “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions,“ said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan, “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.“ Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user“s so
