1、职称英语理工类 A 级-68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数
2、：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.These programs are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.0
3、0）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in di
4、et and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousands of people p
5、erished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny15.In Britain and man
6、y other countries, appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.productionC.efficiencyD.publicity二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute o
7、f Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of peo
8、ple picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist
9、 is now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging
10、 to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don“t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don“t relate to the media“s image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at u
11、niversity. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children“s interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of scienc
12、e festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the international wide science competitions of which the most popular are the national Science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International
13、Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractiv
14、e as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and t
15、he cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A
16、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A Baby“s Growth1. To desc
17、ribe a baby“s growth, the old saying “one thing leads to another“ should really read, “one thing leads to an explosion.“ The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and
18、 participate in his three-dimensional world. 2. You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to
19、 grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each ar
20、m and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world. 3. If you would like another sign of
21、 this growth process, try one of Gesell“s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there. He will probably attend most to his own
22、 image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother“s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks
23、at your confusing double, complicates matters even further. His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination. 4. An early attachment to one objecta toy or a stuffed animalis another index of discrimination, as well as se
24、lf-development, for the baby“s interests are going beyond himself. Most babies do not prefer one toy this early, but some will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by
25、 wearing or carrying may become a “lovely“. A “lovely“ will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and “talked to“. These “lovelies“ give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother. A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling
26、threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby“s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a “lovey“ is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Gesell“s Measure of the Baby“s Mental Growth B. Growth of the Baby Through Playing w
27、ith Toys C. The Baby“s Confusion in Front of a Mirror D. Significance of Each Stage of Development in a Baby“s Life E. The Baby“s Love for “Lovelies“ Indicates Early Mental Resourcefulness and Flexibility F. The Functions of a “Lovey“（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4)
28、.Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).The baby“s ability to sense the visual space owes to 1. A. around twenty weeks of age B. feel flattered C. tell one hand from the other D. the perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up E. has preference among his toys F. explore his toys（分数：1.00）(6).In imit
29、ating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby is able to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).A baby will smile at his image at 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The baby“s extension of affection should make the mother 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Ass
30、ociation claims. “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are rightsometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ri
31、de to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl“s bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesl“s family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence. She requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy
32、 her last year riding the bus. She says, “It“s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you“re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and make
33、s you feel important.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company, Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy“s outstanding rec
34、ord: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy“s reputation is made further evident through the relations
35、hips he has made with the students that ride his bus.“ Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to br
36、ing distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships thro
37、ugh generations, Liesl“s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy“s bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“B.“device“C.“need“D.“reflection“(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse
38、 Bus Company _.（分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for 70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 accident free miles.(
39、4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by _.（分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.Althouse“s grandfatherC.Liesl“s motherD.Ashley Batista(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to _.（分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships六、第二篇(总
40、题数：1，分数：15.00)A Phone That Knows You“re BusyIt“s a modern problem: you“re too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cell phone off. But if you don“t remember to turn it back on when you“re less busy. You could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it
41、was wise to interrupt you, you wouldn“t have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy. A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if it“s a good time to interrupt you. If bui
42、lt into a phone, the system may decide you“re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later. James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. Firs
43、t they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted. The potential “busyness“ signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close
44、they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use. The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from “highly interruptible“ to “highly not-interruptible“.
45、Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. “It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important,“ says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in
46、the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be. Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty specu
47、lates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers don“t care. The first application for Hudson and Fogarty“s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. “There
48、is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years,“ says Hudson.（分数：15.00）(1).A big problem facing people today is that _.（分数：3.00）A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsB.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quietC.they have to switc
49、h from a desktop phone to a cell phoneD.they are too busy to make phone calls(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone _.（分数：3.00）A.could help store messagesB.could send messages instantlyC.could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD.could identify important phone calls(3).Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out _.（分数：3.00）A.why office doors were often left openB.when it was a good time to turn off the computerC.what questions office workers were bothered withD.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy(4).Du
