1、职称英语理工类 A 级-67 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.take outB.break offC.push inD.dig up2.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.（分数：1.00）A.playB.showC.sendD.tell3.This table is strong and durab
2、le .（分数：1.00）A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far-reachingD.eternal4.He endured great pain before he finally expired .（分数：1.00）A.firedB.resignedC.dieD.retreated5.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.（分数：1.00）A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring6.The index is the government“s chief gauge of future
3、 economic activity.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.opinionC.methodD.decision7.It“s sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.（分数：1.00）A.workableB.reasonableC.possibleD.available8.A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.（分数：1.00）A.boiledB.pollutedC.mixedD.sweetened9.You h
4、ave to be patient if you want to sustain your position.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.betterC.acquireD.support10.She stood there, trembling with fear.（分数：1.00）A.jumpingB.cryingC.movingD.shaking11.Medical facilities are being upgraded .（分数：1.00）A.expandedB.repairedC.improvedD.transferred12.Rock climbing is haz
5、ardous .（分数：1.00）A.interestingB.dangerousC.attractiveD.useful13.John is eligible for this job.（分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.recommendedC.rejectedD.recommended14.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.（分数：1.00）A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up15.Mary looked pale and
6、weary .（分数：1.00）A.worriedB.uglyC.sillyD.exhausted二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire t
7、ruck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared.“ Snyder said. Snyde
8、r only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when th
9、e storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ he said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will ta
10、ke a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull
11、County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river
12、 had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder. “People were afraid.
13、 Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“（分数：7.00）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in
14、 the basement when the storm began.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Rescue v
15、ehicles had a hard time getting to people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Several people were missing during the storm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Earth Angels1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were litter
16、ing her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean. W
17、ith the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joyin
18、g says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote
19、a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decis
20、ions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and
21、 discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Don“t Be Crude“ program runs oil collection sitestanks that hold
22、 up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4. Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they d
23、idn“t have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raise
24、d hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan“s Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Provide Clean Water B. Dig Oil Wells C. Save Clean Wat
25、er D. Don“t Litter E. Don“t Be Crude F. Protect Wildlife（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to 1. A. make new materials B. preserve wetland and animals C. have clean air D. have clean water E.
26、 collect cigarette butts F. collect despoiled oil（分数：1.00）(6).People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：
27、阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Technology Transfer in GermanyWhen it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation“s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. An
28、d though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of
29、 research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being
30、 complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of f
31、resh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of m
32、oney because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany“s research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fr
33、aunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe“s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for
34、 Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.（分数：15.00）(1).What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?（分数：3.00）A.Technology transfer.B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fierce competition.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of traditional universit
35、y research?（分数：3.00）A.It is free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely availableD.It is curiosity-driven.(3).The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in _.（分数：3.00）A.AsiaB.USAC.EuropeD.Africa(4).When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?（分数：3.00）A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.
36、After the unification.D.In 1949.(5).The word “expertise“ in para. 1 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“experts“B.“scientists“C.“scholars“D.“special knowledge“六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 home
37、s in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice cold high performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit“s example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power. The new electrical cables at t
38、he Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a cert
39、ain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don“t. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does. Making superconductors isn“t easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extr
40、emely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius. The superconductors cable installed at the
41、Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled wi
42、th liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance. The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they
43、waste much less power, other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.With a flip of switch, electricity can be transm
44、itted.B.Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables(2).Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors _.（分数：3.00）A.have little or no electrica
45、l resistanceB.can be used for along timeC.are not energy-efficientD.can be made easily(3).At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?（分数：3.00）A.-143 degree Celsius.B.-263 degree Celsius.C.As long as it is ice-cold.D.Absolute zero.(4).What element enables the ceramic tap
46、e to lower its temperature?（分数：3.00）A.Copper.B.Liquid nitrogen.C.Clay.D.Calcium.(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Other cities hope they can also conserve power.B.Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.C.Superconductors
47、waste less power because of their low resistance.D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Science of the FutureUntil recently, the “science of the future“ was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great bre
48、akthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology. Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic (合成的) materials. However, it is still difficult to manufa
49、cture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects. Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing“ a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be “biotech hearts and eyes“ which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from hu
