1、职称英语理工类 A级-66 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1
2、.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.0
3、0）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in di
4、et and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worseneD.relieved10.All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousands of people pe
5、rished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny15.In Britain and many
6、 other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.productionC.efficiencyD.publicity二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of P
7、hysics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people
8、 picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is
9、 now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to
10、 society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don“t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don“t relate to the media“s image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at univ
11、ersity. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children“s interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science f
12、estivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympia
13、ds which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects l
14、ike computer studies or fashion and design.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and the cinema have
15、played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.
16、Not mentioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Cloning (克隆): Future Perfect?1 A clone is
17、 an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning t
18、echnology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement, “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world. 2 Seed“s announcement provoked a lot
19、 of media attention, most of it negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced. “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the ye
20、ar.“ 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning. They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spit
21、e of attempts to ban it, human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science. 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as
22、cartoons. Such information is often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next. 5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our
23、 child to look like. But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).（分数：8.00）(1).A. Strong reactions B. Anxiety about the future of cloning C. The right to choose D. What is cloning? E. Arguments in favor of cloning F. A common
24、sight Paragraph 1 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. the nucleus of a cell B. cloned human beings C. a human being in two years D. a law to ban human cloning E. a report on human cloning F. heavy media coverage Richard Seed claimed to be ab
25、le to clone 1.（分数：1.00）(6).Richard Seed“s announcement received 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The United States will introduce 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Within ten years scientists will probably have 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims
26、, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are rightsometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school fo
27、r Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl“s bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesrs family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year r
28、iding the bus. She says, “It“s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you“re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel impor
29、tant.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy“s outstanding record: “You do not
30、 come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy“s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made
31、 with the students that ride his bus.“ Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive
32、and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations.
33、 Liesl“s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy“s bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.vehicle.B.device.C.need.D.reflection.(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company（分数：3.00）A.
34、for 30 years.B.for 70 years.C.since last year.D.since 2000.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 accident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Compan
35、y was founded by（分数：3.00）A.Larry Althouse.B.Althouse“s grandfather.C.Liesrs mother.D.Ashley Batista.(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to（分数：3.00）A.employing young drivers.B.running quality schools.C.providing free driving lessons.D.building sound relationships.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A Phone
36、 That Knows You“re BusyIt“s a modern problem: you“re too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you don“t remember to turn it back on when you“re less busy, you could miss some important calls. If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt
37、 you, you wouldn“t have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy. A bunch of behavior sensors (传感器) and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if it“s a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the
38、system may decide you“re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later. James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system on tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study di
39、fferent behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted. The potential “busyness“ signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were with the person in question, how close they were to each othe
40、r, and whether or not the computer was in use. The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from “highly interruptible“ to “highly not-interruptible“. Their ratings were the
41、n correlated with the various behaviors. “It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important,“ says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated
42、most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be. Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time, humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might
43、be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers don“t care. The first application for Hudson and Fogarty“s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office phones and cellphones. “There is no technological ro
44、adblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years,“ says Hudson.（分数：15.00）(1).A big problem facing people today is that（分数：3.00）A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B.they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C.they have to switch from a desktop phone
45、to a cellphone.D.they are too busy to make phone calls.(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone（分数：3.00）A.could help store messages.B.could send messages instantly.C.could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D.could identify important phone calls.(3).Scientists at Carnegie Mell
46、on University tried to find out（分数：3.00）A.why office doors were often left open.B.when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C.what questions office workers were bothered with.D.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy.(4).During the experiment, the subjects were asked（分数：3.00）A.to
47、 control the sensors and the camera.B.to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C.to compare their behaviors with others“.D.to analyze all the indicators of interruption.(5).The computer performed better than people in the study because（分数：3.00）A.the computer worked harder.B.the compute
48、r was not busy.C.people tended to be biased.D.people were not good at statistics.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however
49、, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people. Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks
