1、职称英语理工类 A 级-62 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The depiction of the lives of black people in the south is graphic .（分数：1.00）A.optimisticB.humorousC.somberD.vivid2.France“s renewal of the nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass d
2、emonstration.（分数：1.00）A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption3.He denies involvement with either drugs or the CIA.（分数：1.00）A.interferenceB.interruptionC.interventionD.interaction4.I was surprised to find that they all fell in with my suggestion at once.（分数：1.00）A.turned downB.agreed toC.c
3、ut offD.carried out5.Some physicists have proposed that sunspots and solar wind have negligible effects on the earth“s weather.（分数：1.00）A.underminedB.insignificantC.unusualD.indisputable6.The Polynesians found uses for many indigenous plants.（分数：1.00）A.tropicalB.simpleC.nativeD.strange7.If you want
4、to acquire profound knowledge, you must start from the ABC.（分数：1.00）A.deepB.superiorC.wideD.narrow8.You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully.（分数：1.00）A.inventB.beginC.developD.initiate9.She had a natural courtesy combined with unshakable conviction .（分数：1.00）A.suggestionsB.statementsC.cla
5、imsD.beliefs10.Many of Europe“s airports are heavily congested .（分数：1.00）A.crowdedB.wealthyC.developingD.diverse11.It is nearly impossible to conciliate these two disagreeing parties.（分数：1.00）A.coordinateB.cooperateC.reconcileD.reform12.I had nothing to say regarding this matter.（分数：1.00）A.againstB.
6、aboutC.withD.by13.Global warming would have a devastating impact on low, lying island.（分数：1.00）A.destructiveB.badC.long-termD.favorable14.She all but fainted when she heard the news.（分数：1.00）A.all overB.seeminglyC.almostD.obviously15.Cheating deserves our harshest condemnation .（分数：1.00）A.hostilityB
7、.sadnessC.pityD.blame二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Monarch without a KingdomThis November, a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico, like autumn leaves. But for how long? Genetically modified maize (玉米) could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly, Rafael Ruiz reports. Al
8、though its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gm, the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5,000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile, but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn, the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the U.S.
9、 It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north. In November, millions of Monarchs fall like bright, golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping
10、 (拍动) of wings, as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains, which reach a height of 3,000 meters, the butterflies are safe. Before reaching their journey“s end they have faced strong winds, rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters
11、 are really bad, perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April, when their internal calendar tells them that it is time
12、 to go back. The long journey, with all its dangers, begins again. These delicate creatures now face danger of another kindfrom scientific progress. In the U.S., millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of t
13、he butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts, the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until
14、 further investigations have been carried out. Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products (in Spain, there are already 20,000 hectares of modified maize). The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened wi
15、th extinction.（分数：7.00）(1).The Monarch butterfly travels 5,000 km each year.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Monarch butterfly looks fragile.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The Mexicans like butterflies very much.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).In bad winters, about
16、70 per cent of the butterflies can stay alive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).In early April, the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back north.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Genetically modified maize isn“t poisonous to the butterflies.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not ment
17、ioned(7).Genetically modified products are not popular in Mexico.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)I“ll Be Bach1 Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software
18、. Now most people can“t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J.S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope“s computer. 2 It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so
19、 he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers“ brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they
20、 take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. 3 Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of
21、 works by Bach. The software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren“t good, but it was a start. 4 Cope knew he had more work to dohe had a
22、 whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database. 5 A few years later, Cope“s computer program, called “Emmy“, was ready to help him with his opera, The process required
23、a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer“s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but
24、 no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. 6 Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn“t like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Progres
25、s of producing music by the program B. Importance of the program C. Improvement of the program D. Why was the program invented? E. Bach“s works“ beauty F. An opera made by “Emmy“（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).The computer program invented b
26、y David Cope produce 1. A. it created a great opera B. wonderful pieces of music C. creating big databases D. Cope becomes a musician E. Bach-like compositions F. works by Bach and many other composers（分数：1.00）(6).Cope thinks that the great composers“ brains and the program are similar in 1.（分数：1.00
27、）(7).The music produced by the program are from 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Emmy is a big success because 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Houses in 18th Century North AmericaSeventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, car
28、rying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses. Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, th
29、e design of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic archite
30、cture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books. Increasing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England st
31、ill favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use
32、 of bricks is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses. Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior
33、improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters (百叶窗) removed. Large, clear panes (玻璃窗) replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated
34、. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：
35、3.00）A.The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.B.A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.C.The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses.D.The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses.(2).According to the passage, who were responsible for des
36、igning houses in eighteenth-century North America?（分数：3.00）A.Professional architects.B.Customers.C.Interior decorators.D.Carpenters.(3).Stones were commonly used to build houses in _.（分数：3.00）A.VirginiaB.PennsylvaniaC.BostonD.Charleston(4).The word “predecessors“ in Paragraph 4 refers to _.（分数：3.00）
37、A.colonists who arrived in North America in the seventeenth centuryB.houses constructed before the eighteenth centuryC.interior improvements in housesD.wooden houses in Charleston(5).What does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before 1730?（分数：3.00）A.Wallpaper samples appeared in the archit
38、ectural manuals.B.Wallpaper was the same color as the paints used.C.Patterned wallpaper was not widely used.D.Wallpaper was not used in stone houses.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soi
39、l containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University“s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could he made to grow in water that has become salty. The pai
40、r has recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10
41、million hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a s
42、eries of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy conc
43、entrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants“ growth. They have started to breed th
44、ese characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of drops and
45、 plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?（分数：3.00）A.They are students at Sussex University.B.They are rice breeders.C
46、.They are husband and wife.D.They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.(2).Flowers and Yeo have started a programme _.（分数：3.00）A.to find ways to prevent water pollutionB.to identify genes that promote growth in salty soilC.to breed rice plants that taste saltyD.to find ways to remove
47、excessive salt from soil(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B.The water table has gone down after droughts.C.Sea level has been continuously rising.D.Evaporation of water leaves sa
48、lt behind.(4).The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.influenceB.effectC.stopD.present(5).The attitude of the author towards the research project is _.（分数：3.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.suspiciousD.indifferent七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)TransportationFor many years in the desert
49、, camels used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the age of modern trains, camel trains were used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried as much as 400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called “ships of the desert“. Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition
