1、职称英语理工类 A级-61 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Such subjects are not within the scope of this book.（分数：1.00）A.roomB.rangeC.contentD.knowledge2.The car is tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.motionsC.partsD.faults3.When the tree falls, the monk
2、eys scatter .（分数：1.00）A.disperseB.runC.cryD.drop4.This table is strong and durable .（分数：1.00）A.eternalB.far-reachingC.terminalD.long-lasting5.It was advisable for you not to mention that.（分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.sensible6.You startled me when you shouted.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.threaten
3、edC.interruptedD.troubled7.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.（分数：1.00）A.emptyB.bareC.hairlessD.bald8.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil .（分数：1.00）A.failureB.doubtC.reliefD.confusion9.A local hypnotist (催眠师) offered his services, and Edgar readily accepted.（分数：1.00）A.wil
4、linglyB.suddenlyC.quicklyD.firmly10.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.settlingC.exploringD.handling11.I was impressed by the way he formulated his ideas.（分数：1.00）A.arguedB.statedC.announceD.invented12.He demolished my argument in minutes.（分数：1.00）A.supporte
5、dB.disputedC.acceptedD.disproved13.You must be tired, but try to hang on till all the work“s finished.（分数：1.00）A.stop workingB.keep workingC.waitD.rest14.He is renowned for his skill.（分数：1.00）A.rememberedB.recommendedC.well-knownD.praised15.A failure to consolidate their cooperation would damage bot
6、h nations.（分数：1.00）A.demoteB.raiseC.strengthenD.promote二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Radioactive WastesOne of the major problems of nuclear energy is the inability of scientists to discover a safe way to dispose of the radioactive wastes which occur throughout the nuclear process. Many of these wastes
7、remain dangerously active for tens of thousands of years, while others have a life span closer to a quarter of a million years. Various methods have been used to date, but all have revealed weaknesses, forcing scientists to continue their search. The nuclear process involves several stages, with the
8、 danger of radioactivity constantly present. Fuel for nuclear reactors comes from uranium ore (铀矿石), which, when mined, spontaneously produces radioactive substances as by-products. This characteristic of uranium ore went undetected for a long time, resulting in the deaths, due to cancer, of hundred
9、s of uranium miners. The United States attempted to bury much of its radioactive waste material in containers made of steel covered in concrete and capable of holding a million gallons. For a long time it was believed that the nuclear waste problem had been solved, until some of these tanks leaked,
10、allowing the radioactive wastes to seep into the environment. Canada presently stores its nuclear waste in underwater tanks, with the long-term effects largely unknown. However, plans are under consideration for above-ground storage of spent fuel from reactors. These plans include the building of th
11、ree vast concrete containers, which would be two stories high and approximately the length and width of two football fields. Other suggestions include enclosing the waste in glass blocks and storing them in underground caverns, or placing hot containers in the Antarctic region, where they would melt
12、 the ice, thereby sinking down about a mile. This idea has since been abandoned because of the possible adverse effect on the ice sheets.（分数：7.00）(1).Many radioactive wastes which occur throughout the nuclear process are dangerous for only decades.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).When urani
13、um ore is mined, dangerous by-products are produced.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Britain stores its nuclear waste in modern buildings of concrete.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).In Canada, the long-term effects of its nuclear waste in underwater tanks remain unknown.（分数：1.00）A
14、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The idea of placing hot containers of nuclear waste in the Antarctic region has been adopted.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).People had known the characteristic of uranium ore before the deaths of hundreds of uranium miners were found.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong
15、C.Not mentioned(7).Scientists have already found good ways to deal with the radioactive wastes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Messages from the Media1 The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages
16、from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media. 2 It is not difficult to think
17、of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate p
18、roducts. 3 Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think, for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are
19、 asked this question usually answer, “Television.“ 4 Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this mo
20、rning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communicationa book. 5 We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in n
21、ewspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Importance of classroom learning B. Televisiona rich source
22、of information C. Advertisements as important messages from the mass media D. Various messages one may receive each day E. Mediameans to communicate messages F. Importance of the mass media（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Each day we get a lo
23、t of messages from 1. A. sports news B. our decisions and opinions C. mass communication D. our messages E. source of information F. the mass media（分数：1.00）(6).Television, radio and books are all important media of 1.（分数：1.00）(7).For most people television is the most important 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The ma
24、ss media are important to us because they shape 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The American IndustryA history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap (阻碍), but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such
25、a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world“s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Eu
26、ropeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial
27、competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea“s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made car
28、s and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America“s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confide
29、nce. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America“s industrial decline. Their somet
30、imes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued do
31、llar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, and has learnt to be more quick-witted,“ according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard“s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to
32、be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,“ says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in
33、 the United States“.（分数：15.00）(1).The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because _.（分数：3.00）A.it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB.its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC.the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitorsD.the unparalleled siz
34、e of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy(2).The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _.（分数：3.00）A.TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketB.semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesC.mach
35、ine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actionsD.auto industry had lost part of its domestic market(3).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.B.Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.C.The revival of the
36、 economy depends on international cooperation.D.A long history of success may pave the way for further development.(4).The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1900s can be attributed to the _.（分数：3.00）A.turning of the business cycleB.restructuring of industryC.improved bus
37、iness managementD.success in education(5).What does “the American industry has gone on a diet“ in Paragraph 4 mean?（分数：3.00）A.Employees in the American industry- are on a diet.B.The American industry has reduced redundant staff.C.The American industry has shrunk.D.The American industry has been made
38、 more efficient.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That“s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist (大提琴演奏家) Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performa
39、nce panic. Mr. Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?“ Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stag
40、e fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind. Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don“t deny that you“re jittery (紧张不安的),
41、 they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience. Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,“ she says.
42、 “And not one of these “please don“t kill me“ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.“ She doesn“t want performers to think of the audience as a judge. Extreme demands by mentors or parents are oft
43、en at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well- known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were
44、times when I got so nervous. I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, “If I have to go through this to play music, I think I“m going to look for another job.“ Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-re
45、cognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz“s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,“
46、 Soprano Renata Scotto recalled. Actually, success can make things worse. “in the beginning of your career, when you“re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don“t have any expectations,“ Soprano June Anderson said. “There“s less to lose. Later on, when you“re known, people are coming
47、to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.“ Anderson added, “I never stop being nervous until I“ve sung my last note.“（分数：15.00）(1).How many signs of stage fright are mentioned in the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.(2).Which of the following is suggested by th
48、e experts?（分数：3.00）A.You should deny you are jittery.B.Smile before performance.C.Keep your excitement all the time.D.Think of the audience as a judge.(3).Lynn Harrell is a _.（分数：3.00）A.musicianB.parentC.teacherD.pianist(4).According to the passage, what can be included?（分数：3.00）A.Actors and actress
49、 should say “please don“t kill me“ to the audience.B.Extreme demands are the main reasons for stage fright.C.Only young artists suffer stage fright.D.When you are successful, you can get rid of stage fright completely.(5).The passage was written to _.（分数：3.00）A.introduce some famous peopleB.give some advice for playing musicC.offer some information about stage frightD.argue that stage fright is necessary七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Controlling Robots with the MindBelle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her righ
