1、职称英语理工类 A级-60 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The conference was hailed as a great success.（分数：1.00）A.publishedB.challengedC.acclaimedD.guided2.Peking is a densely populated area.（分数：1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully3.These old buildings are gorgeous .（分数：
2、1.00）A.ridiculousB.lovelyC.magnificentD.peculiar4.The benefits are immense .（分数：1.00）A.muchB.extensiveC.littleD.enormous5.The police crept up from behind and took the gangsters by surprise.（分数：1.00）A.violent criminalsB.politiciansC.musiciansD.industrialists6.We had only a vague description of the at
3、tacker.（分数：1.00）A.conciseB.impreciseC.unpolishedD.elementary7.Tonight“s live coverage of the hockey (曲棍球) game is very wonderful.（分数：1.00）A.barrageB.orphanageC.reportageD.usage8.His breathing was steady .（分数：1.00）A.regularB.usualC.commonD.ordinary9.The government proposed changes to the voting syste
4、m.（分数：1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced10.The deadly disease has affected these animals.（分数：1.00）A.contagiousB.seriousC.fatalD.worrying11.No civilized country should deem theft lawful .（分数：1.00）A.legalB.irresistibleC.enjoyableD.profitable12.I doubt they“ll be able to help but it“s worth
5、trying .（分数：1.00）A.growingB.wrappingC.hidingD.attempting13.Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger14.She omitted to mention that they were staying the night.（分数：1.00）A.failedB.forgottenC.deletedD.left o
6、ut15.I will draft a letter for you.（分数：1.00）A.clarifyB.formulateC.reviseD.contribute二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Lifetime Employment in Japanese CompaniesIn most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join a
7、n enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off. One result of this practic
8、e is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one“s company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put
9、his firm“s interests before those of his immediate family. The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during
10、a short period of time. They can afford to take a longer perspective than their western counterparts. This marriage between the employee and the companythe consequence of lifetime employmentmay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they
11、are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.（分数：7.00）(1).Lifetime employment in the Japanese company perhaps means that the employee can make serious mistakes in work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentio
12、ned(2).Family“s and company“s interests are equally important in Japanese company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).In Japan one“s future is guaranteed through hard work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Lifetime employment influences one“s career options.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
13、 mentioned(5).The Japanese worker is fond of his company“s product because of the close link between him and his company.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).All the Japanese company“s products have high quality and lower price.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The passage mainly discus
14、ses how lifetime employment is viewed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)American Families1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans, many American families have certain characteristics in common. Both the husband and wife were born in the United Sta
15、tes, and their forefathers came from Europe. They have completed high school, and they belong to the middle class. They have a car, a television set, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a telephone, etc. They own their own home and spend about 55% of their income tor housing and food Clothing account
16、s for almost 10% of their income, medical care 6%, transportation 8% and taxes 15%. The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings, gifts, and recreation. 2 Most families consist of a mother, a father, and, at most, two children living at home. There may be relativesgrandparen
17、ts, aunts, uncles, cousins living in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households. This family structure is known as the “nuclear family“. It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. 3 Marriage in the United S
18、tates is considered a matter of individual responsibility and decision. Young people frequently fall in love and marry even if their parents disagree. American marriages are usually based on romantic love, rather than on social class, education, or religion. 4 After their marriage the young couple i
19、s free to decide where to live and when to start a family. Most young couples set up their own household immediately. In the early 1970s only 15% of all married couples were not living on their ownindependently and by themselves. Most married people practise some kind of birth control. They plan the
20、 number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval. The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Post-marriage Life B. The Birth Rate in the Early 1970s C. Usu
21、al Family Structure of American Families D. Features in Common in Many American Families E. Marriage Concept in the USA F. In Marriages Usually Romantic Love Is as Important as Social Class, Education, or Religion（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）
22、(5).There are among many American families 1. A. live with their parents B. their own decisions C. most American families are usually small D. the family structure E. some similar features F. has been dropping（分数：1.00）(6).Young Americans make on marriage 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Most married couple don“t 1.（分
23、数：1.00）(8).The birth rate over the last few years 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Rockets in the SkyIf someone asked you, “What color is the sky?“ I expect that you would answer, “Blue.“ I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are lo
24、oking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air to lift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the ai
25、r gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air. What is the sky? The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and all the stars. Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at them thr
26、ough telescopes and in this way they have found out a great deal. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. An airplane cann“t fly to the moon but there is a thing that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket. I am sure that you are asking, “How does a rocket fly?“ If you w
27、ant to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through the neck of the balloon and this pushes the balloon through t
28、he air. It does not need wings like an airplane. This is how a rocket works. It is not made of rubber (橡胶) like a balloon, of course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of t
29、he rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air. Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men inside them have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without men inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space.（分数：15.
30、00）(1).What color is the sky?（分数：3.00）A.It is blue.B.It is white.C.It is grey.D.It has no color.(2).When an airplane flies too high, _.（分数：3.00）A.the air will be too thin to support its wingsB.the air will become thickerC.the air will exert pressure on itD.the air will disappear in no time(3).A rock
31、et can fly to the moon because _.（分数：3.00）A.it looks like a balloonB.it is much lighter than an airplaneC.it doesn“t have wingsD.it works like an untied balloon(4).Which of the following statements about a rocket is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.It can fly when there is no air.B.It can fly without wings.C.It
32、is made of strong metal.D.It is propelled by burning gas inside it.(5).A rocket is pushed up into the air when _.（分数：3.00）A.hot gas rushes out of its headB.it is powered by gasC.hot gas rushes out of its bottomD.hot gas rushes out of its neck六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist T
33、errorist Attack?In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable: Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts (爆炸) inflicted by terrorists? Ten days afte
34、r the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered (总部在某地) at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting th
35、e site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance (事先考查) visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing. “Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and
36、look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,“ said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whethe
37、r earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,“ he added. Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的) detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Cen
38、ter towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,“ explained A. Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column
39、 became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.“ The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons o
40、f falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile (有延展性的) framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,“ he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We also need a bett
41、er understanding of the mechanism of collapse,“ said A. Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.“ A. Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely
42、high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at presen
43、t.“（分数：15.00）(1).The question raised in the first paragraph is one _.（分数：3.00）A.that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB.that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC.that was never imagined before the terrorist attackD.that terrorists are eager to find a solution to(
44、2).The project funded by the National Science Foundation _.（分数：3.00）A.was first proposed by some engineers at UBB.took about two days to completeC.was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD.was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts(3).The column mentioned by Dr.
45、Whittaker _.（分数：3.00）A.was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB.was part of the World Trade CenterC.was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD.damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center(4).A surprising discovery made by the investigato
46、rs during their visit to ground zero is that _.（分数：3.00）A.floors in the adjacent building remain undamagedB.some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC.simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD.floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris(5)
47、.What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.blast engineers should develop new solutions for terrorist-resistant designB.blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for earthquake-resistant designC.solutions developed for earthquake-resi
48、stant design may apply to terrorist-resistant designD.blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the north
49、western Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people. Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous g
