1、职称英语理工类 A 级-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Our English teacher is Usick/U. A. fat B. weak C. ill D. mad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Mary is Ulooking for/U the book she lost yesterday A. trying to find B. trying to read C. trying to buy D. trying to borrow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I
2、Urarely/U play basketball. A. normally B. seldom C. frequently D. usually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.My father is a Uphysician/U. A. researcher B. professor C. doctor D. student（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The Foreign Service is a Ubranch/U of the Department of State. A. center B. division C. root D. base（分数：1.00）A.B.
3、C.D.6.That guy is really Uwitty/U. A. ugly B. smart C. honorable D. popular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The world champion suffered a Usensational/U defeat. A. dramatic B. reasonable C. humiliating D. horrifying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It seems that only Mary is Ueligible/U for the job. A. prepared B. trained C. gu
4、ided D. qualified（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.This poem Udepicts/U the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. A. praises B. writes C. describes D. Imitates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The meaning is still Uobscure/U. A. transparent B. vague C. alien D. significant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Dumped waste might Ucontaminate/
5、U water supplies. A. destroy B. decrease C. pollute D. delay（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.One theory Upostulates/U that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. A. expects B. assumes C. predicts D. considers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is very difficult for a child to Uadhere to/U rules. A. follow B. remem
6、ber C. understand D. learn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.I hope that I didnt do anything Uabsurd/U last night. A. awkward B. strange C. awful D. stupid（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.There should be laws that Uprohibit/U smoking around children. A. advocate B. forbid C. inherit D. withdraw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B
7、(总题数：1，分数：7.00)El NinoWhile some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 El Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia University researchers say their method can predict large El Nino events up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others
8、seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate El Nino events dating back to 1857, using p
9、rior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not perfect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests El Nino is indeed predic
10、table.“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.“ said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it possible to predict El Nino at long lead times.“ Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other d
11、ata, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance. The 1997 El Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas, said David Anderson, of
12、 the European Centre for Medium. Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England. The 1877 El Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the development of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.When El Nino hit in
13、 1991 and 1997, 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller El Nino events remains tricky, the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.El Nino tends to dev
14、elop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years, although a weak warming toward the end of
15、this year is possible.（分数：7.00）(1).The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occurrences and sea-surf
16、ace temperatures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past El Nino occurrences. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Weares contribution in predicting El Nino, was high
17、ly praised by other meteorologists. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. A. right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).It takes about eight months f
18、or El Nino to reach its peak. A. right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A special institute has been set up in America to study El Nino. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Supercomputer Network1. Recently ten laboratories run by gove
19、rnments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can “talk“ to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.2. The Internet is an interconnec
20、ted (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible fo
21、r how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.3. The new development in information technology has been called “the grid“ (网格技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked togeth
22、er. The “grid“ will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access
23、 to the power of the bigger computer stations.4. One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The “grid“ will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to s
24、olve a problem in Alaska.5. The “grid“ can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and “he“ will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of
25、 the computer centres in the “grid“ that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.6. At present, possible applications of the “grid“ in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become w
26、idespread, experts believe that the “grid“ could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on “grid“ projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.A. How does the “grid“ work?B. Power sharedC. Just make a requestD. Limitat
27、ions of present Internet useE. Distance is not a problemF. A new era for the Internet（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. the bigger computer stations B. the advantage C. ten years D. i
28、nformation E. your personal assistant F. fifteen years Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The “grid“ will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the world.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The “grid“ would be like _, who can perform your
29、 tasks efficiently.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid“ will become possible in the next _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Emic and Etic ApproachesResearchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they ar
30、e studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority
31、issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethni
32、c groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, howe
33、ver, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus
34、only on middle-class White families, without regard to whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also
35、 lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American f
36、amilies. If so, the emic approach would reveal a more different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamil
37、iar with the target cultures are inclined to _. A. be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures B. view them from their own cultural perspective C. guard against interference from their own culture D. accept readily what is alien to their own culture（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the author s
38、ay about the emic approach and the eric approach? A. They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues. B. The former is biased while the latter is objective. C. The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues. D. They are both heavily dependent on
39、questionnaires in conducting surveys.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The etic approach is concerned with _. A. the general characteristics of minority families B. culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups C. features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups D. the economic conditions of different
40、 types of families（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more _. A. culturally interactive B. culture-oriented C. culturally biased D. culture-specific（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. accord
41、ing to the passage? A. Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable. B. Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend. C. They dont interact with each other so much as White families. D. They have closer family ties than White families.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Age Discrim
42、inationBy the year 2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe there is a deep ambivalence (犹豫)-if not outright suspicion-towards the capabilities of older workers.Those over the age of 40 generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have
43、done little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anythi
44、ng substantive to combat age discrimination.Yet even in these two countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout (轻视，反对) the law openly by asking for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be tighte
45、ning up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, “Legislation against age discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and Canada, but has had no effect. Employers will always be able to find some reasons for turning dow
46、n an older applicant without appearing to break the law.“Ironically, it was governments which played a leading role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In the late 1970s, many European countries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and
47、France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more and more employees took early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented culture permeated bu
48、siness throughout most of Europe-even in those countries that had taken no active measures to promote it.Demographic (人口统计学) trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of early retirement as they realize that they simply do not have the funds to meet their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is n
